11. Ekādasamo paricchedo
Nibbānaniddesavaṇṇanā
768-9. Ādito rūpānantaramuddiṭṭhaṃ yaṃ nibbānanti sambandho. Tassa vibhāvanaṃ yathābalaṃ pavakkhāmīti sambandho.
Bhavābhavanti bhavato bhavaṃ, khuddakaṃ, mahantaṃ vā bhavaṃ. Vinanatoti saṃsibbanato. Taṇhā hi saṃsāranāyikabhāvena bhavato bhavaṃ, sugatiduggativasena khuddakamahantaṃ bhavaṃ vā aparāparabhāvāya saṃsibbati, tunnakaraṇaṃ viya karoti. Nikkhantattāti visaṃyogavasena nissaṭattā. Maraṇapaṭipakkhatāya, amatasadisatāya vā amataṃ. Sabbadukkhanissaṭattā paramaṃ sukhaṃ. Sabbepi saṅkhārā samanti upasamanti anuppattidhammataṃ āpajjanti etenāti sabbasaṅkhārasamatho. Khandhūpadhiādayo sabbepi upadhī upaddavā paṭinissajjīyanti etenāti sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggo. Yasmā taṃ āgamma kāmataṇhādibhedā taṇhā sabbaso khayaṃ gacchati, virajjati, nirujjhati ca, tasmā taṇhākkhayo virāgo nirodhoti ca vuccati. Apica rujjhanti ettha sattā kilesanigaḷabandhāti rodho, saṃsārassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ, tato nikkhantoti nirodho.
770.Adhigamāti tadanurūpāya paṭipattiyā ariyamaggena paṭivijjhanena.
Rāgakkhayādibhāvena sabbadukkhasantiyā paccayatāya, kilesasantāpābhāvena ca santilakkhaṇaṃ. Accutirasanti sabhāvāpariccajanato acavanasampattikaṃ. Assāsakaraṇarasanti assāsakaraṇakiccaṃ. Tañhi pānabhojanādisuññe sabhayakantāre paribbhamanena parissantassa addhikapurisassa assāsajanakabhāvena upaṭṭhitaṃ vanantodakaṃ viya sabbaññubuddhānampi vacanapathātikkantamahādukkhabherave saṃsārakantāre paribbhamanena parissantassa yathānurūpaṃ paṭipattimaggaṃ paṭipannassa yogāvacarassa anādimati saṃsāre supinantenapi adiṭṭhapubbatāya dassanasamakālameva paramassāsaṃ janeti. Khandhanimittavicittatāya aviggahaṃ hutvā gayhatīti animittapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ. Sabbasaṅkhatanissaraṇupāyabhāvato nissaraṇaṃ paccupaṭṭhāpetīti nissaraṇapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ.
Evaṃ nibbānassa lakkhaṇādikaṃ dassetvā idāni vitaṇḍavādipakkhaṃ dassetvā pariharanto āha ‘‘etthāhā’’tiādi, na paramatthato atthi aññatra paññattimattatoti adhippāyo. Kuto panāyamabhinivesoti āha ‘‘titthiyānaṃ…pe… nīyato’’ti. Yathānurūpāya paṭipattiyāti sīlasamādhipaññāsaṅkhātaṃ sammāpaṭipattiyā. Yathā hi cetoñāṇalābhino eva ariyā paresaṃ lokuttaracittaṃ jānanti, tatthāpi ca arahā eva sabbesaṃ cittaṃ jānāti, evaṃ nibbānampi sīlādisammāpaṭipattibhūtena upāyeneva upalabbhatīti ‘‘natthī’’ti na vattabbaṃ ariyehi upalabbhanīyato. Yathā hi jaccandhatemirikādīnaṃ adassanena ‘‘sūriyādayo natthī’’ti na vattabbā cakkhumantānaṃ gocarabhāvena atthevāti siddhattā, evametampi bālaputhujjanassa adassanamattena ‘‘natthī’’ti na vattabbaṃ. Ariyānaṃ pana paññācakkhuno padeseneva upaṭṭhānato ekantena sampaṭicchitabbaṃ ‘‘atthi nibbāna’’nti. Ayamettha adhippāyo. Atha rāgādīnaṃ khayamattameva nibbānanti ceti sambandho. Āyasmatā…pe… therena dassitoti sambandho. Rāgakkhayādidīpakaṃ suttaṃ neyyatthanti adhippāyena ‘‘taṃ na’’iti paṭikkhepaṃ katvā ekaṃsena cetaṃ sampaṭicchitabbaṃ, itarathā yathārutavasena pāḷiyā atthe gayhamāne bahudosā āpajjantīti te dassetuṃ ‘‘arahattassāpī’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Arahattaṃ puṭṭhena tenevāyasmatā sāriputtattherenāti adhippāyo. Tava matenāti sāsanayuttiṃ avicāretvā pāḷidassanamatteneva vippalapato tavajjhāsayena. Na ca panetaṃ yuttaṃ, tathāpīti adhippāyo. Lokuttaraphalacittassa rāgādīnaṃ khayamattatāpajjanaṃ na yuttaṃ tassa aggaphalassa catukkhandhabhāvena pāḷiyaṃ āgatattā. Tasmāti yuttiṃ avicāretvā pāḷidassanamatteneva voharantassa aniṭṭhappasaṅgato. Byañjanacchāyāyāti vimaddāsahabhūtāya saddatthamattacchāyāya. Ubhinnanti nibbānavasena, arahattavasena ca āgatānaṃ ubhinnaṃ suttānaṃ. Atthoti adhippāyattho.
Ko pana so atthoti āha ‘‘yassa panā’’tiādi. Rāgādīnaṃ khayoti rāgādīnaṃ anuppādanirodho. So dhammo akkhayopi samāno rāgādīnaṃ khayassa upanissayattā khayopacārena ‘‘rāgādīnaṃ khayo nibbāna’’nti vutto ‘‘tipusaṃ jaro, guḷo semho’’tiādīsu phalūpacārena vuttaṃ viyāti sambandho. Kilesānaṃ anuppattinirodhakkhayassa maggassa ārammaṇabhūtaṃ nibbānaṃ atthato ‘‘khayassa upanissayo’’ti vattabbataṃ labbhatīti āha ‘‘khayassa upanissayattā’’ti. Khayopacārenāti attano kāriyabhūtassa khayassa attani upacārena tassa nāmavasenāti vuttaṃ hoti. Jarakāraṇaṃ tipusaṃ jaroti vutto, semhakāraṇaṃ guḷo semhoti vutto. Khayanteti rāgādīnaṃ parikkhayāvasāne. Khayoti vā maggo vuccati ‘‘khaye ñāṇa’’ntiādīsu (dha. sa. dukamātikā 142) viya, tassa ante nirodhāvasāne uppannattā khayoti vuttaṃ phalūpacārena, samīpūpacārena vā.
Sabbe bālaputhujjanāpīti soṇasigālādayo sabbepi bālaputhujjanā samadhigata…pe… bhaveyyuṃ khaṇavasena rāgādīnaṃ khayassa tesampi atthitāya. Tathā ca sati paṭipattiyā niratthakabhāvo āpajjeyyāti adhippāyo. Rāgādikkhayānaṃ bahubhāvatoti rāgādīnaṃ viya tesaṃ khayānampi tabbikārabhāvena bahubhāvato. Evañhi sati rāgassa khayo rāgakkhayo, na dosādīnaṃ, tathā dosakkhayopīti añño rāgakkhayo, añño dosakkhayo, añño mohakkhayoti tiṇṇaṃ akusalamūlānaṃ khayabhūtāni tīṇi nibbānāni, catunnaṃ upādānānaṃ khayabhūtāni cattārītiādinā bahūni nibbānāni nāma honti. Idāni ādi-saddasaṅgahite dose dassetuṃ ‘‘saṅkhatalakkhaṇa’’ntiādi vuttaṃ. ‘‘Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, saṅkhatassa saṅkhatalakkhaṇāni, uppādo paññāyati, vayo paññāyati, ṭhitassa aññathattaṃ paññāyatī’’ti (a. ni. 3.47) vacanato vayasaṅkhāto khayo saṅkhatalakkhaṇaṃ hotīti vuttaṃ ‘‘saṅkhatalakkhaṇañca nibbānaṃ bhaveyyā’’ti. ‘‘Jarāmaraṇaṃ, bhikkhave, aniccaṃ saṅkhataṃ paṭiccasamuppanna’’nti (saṃ. ni. 2.20) vacanato āha ‘‘saṅkhatapariyāpanna’’nti . Yaṃ pana saṅkhatapariyāpannaṃ, taṃ itarasaṅkhatadhammo viya aniccaṃ hoti paccayādhīnavuttitoti āha ‘‘saṅkhatapariyāpannattā anicca’’nti. ‘‘Aniccā vata saṅkhārā’’ti (dī. ni. 2.221) hi vuttaṃ. Ettāvatā ca kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? Yadi bhavato manorathaparipūraṇatthaṃ khayaṃ nibbānanti vadāma, asaṅkhatassa saṅkhatalakkhaṇattā, saṅkhatapaṭipakkhassa saṅkhatapariyāpannattā sabbakālikabhāvena niccassa aniccatā, tato ca paramasukhassa dukkhatā ca āpajjeyyāti vuttaṃ hoti.
Ettāvatā bhaṅgakkhayassa nibbānadosaṃ dassetvā idāni anuppādakkhayassa tabbhāvaṃ nisedhetuṃ ‘‘yadi khayo nibbānaṃ bhaveyyā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Paṭhamamaggassa anantarapaccayabhūtaṃ ñāṇaṃ gotrabhu nāma. Sesamaggapurecaraṃ vodānaṃ nāma. Phalasamāpattipurecaraṃ anulomaṃ nāma. Taṃ pana saṅkhārārammaṇamevāti idha na gahitaṃ. Bhadramukhāti parassa anunayavacanaṃ. ‘‘Khīyantī’’ti vattamānaniddesena idāni khīyamānataṃ pucchati. Esa nayo sesesupi. Upadhāretvāti upaparikkhitvā. ‘‘Gotrabhu…pe… mukhā’’ti pucchāya ‘‘rāgādīnaṃ khayameva vadāmī’’ti tayā dinnapaṭivacanassa avirujjhanavasena satipurekkhāraṃ kathehīti adhippāyo. Gotrabhucittādīnaṃ gotrabhuvodānamaggānaṃ. Gotrabhukkhaṇe kilesānaṃ anuppādanirodhassa abhāvato āha ‘‘rāgādayo khīyissantī’’ti. Phalamevāti kilesānaṃ khīṇakāle uppajjamānaṃ phalacittameva. Ārammaṇaṃ apassantoti gotrabhuādīnaṃ vattabbārammaṇaṃ apassanto. Atha vā itaresaṃ ārammaṇabhāve sati gahetabbapaccayaṃ apassanto.
‘‘Apicā’’tiādi pariyāyantarenapi anuppādanirodhassa nibbānabhāvanisedhanaṃ. ‘‘Uppādīyatīti attho’’ti pana maggassa uppattiyā kilesakkhayopi uppādito nāma hotīti katvā vuttaṃ. Na hi itarathā khayassa uppādo nāma atthi. Atha vā ‘‘addhā so…pe… niruttaro bhavissatī’’ti ettakena ganthena khaṇanirodhassa ceva anuppādanirodhassa ca nibbānabhāve dosaṃ dassetvā idāni ‘‘khaye ñāṇa’’ntiādīsu (dha. sa. dukamātikā 142) viya maggassāpi khayapariyāyattā ‘‘rāgakkhayo’’tiādivacanamatteyeva samānabhāvena gahite maggassāpi nibbānabhāvappasaṅgaṃ, tathā ca sati aniṭṭhāpattiṃ sambhāvento āha ‘‘apicā’’tiādi. Evañhi sati ‘‘uppādīyatī’’ti maggameva sandhāya tiṭṭhati. Yadi maggassa nibbānabhāvappasaṅgo idha sambhāvito, evaṃ sati gotrabhussa maggārammaṇatādidosā vattabbāti? Saccaṃ vattabbā, ettakenāpi pana parassa vacanapaṭibāhanaṃ sakkā kātunti parihārantaradassane byāpāro katoti. Yathānurūpāya paṭipattiyāti chavisuddhiparamparāsaṅkhātāya yathānulomapaṭipattiyā.
771.Assaddhoti pabuddhasaddho, maggāgatāya acalasaddhāya samannāgato, maggāgatasaddhāya hi samannāgato ākāse buddhavesaṃ māpetvāpi ‘‘niccaṃ sukhaṃ attā’’ti vadantassa na saddahati seyyathāpi sūrambaṭṭhoti (a. ni. 1.255). Akataññūti akataṃ nibbānaṃ jānātīti akataññū. Sandhicchedoti bhavasandhānakarassa taṇhāpāpassa chindanena puna bhavapaṭisandhiyāpi chinnatāya paṭisandhiṃ khepetvā ṭhito. Hatāvakāsoti khīṇapaṭisandhikattāyeva āyatiṃ katthaci okāsaloke adissamānattā vihatāvakāso. Vantāsoti katthaci abhisaṅgābhāvato chaḍḍitataṇhoti attho. Uttamaporisoti sadevaloke aggadakkhiṇeyyatāya visiṭṭho poriso.
Duppaṭividdhāti paṭivijjhituṃ, paṭilabhituñca dukkarā. Kāmādīnaṃ nissaraṇīyatāya nissaraṇīyā, yadidaṃ nekkhammaṃ, etaṃ kāmānaṃ nissaraṇanti sambandho. Tattha kāmānaṃ nissaraṇanti kāmehi niggamanaṃ, atha vā nissaranti niggacchanti ettha etenāti vā nissaraṇaṃ, kāmānaṃ nissaraṇaṭṭhānaṃ, nissaraṇupāyanti attho. Nekkhammanti paṭhamajjhānaṃ. Tañhi kāmehi nikkhantanti ‘‘nekkhamma’’nti idha gahitaṃ, aññattha pana pabbajjādayopi ‘‘nekkhamma’’nti pavuccanti. Vuttañhi –
‘‘Pabbajjā paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ, nibbānañca vipassanā;
Sabbepi kusalā dhammā, ‘nekkhamma’nti pavuccare’’ti. (itivu. aṭṭha. 109; dī. ni. ṭī. 2.360; a. ni. ṭī. 2.3.66; visuddhi. mahā. 1.56; netti. ṭī. 76 missakahārasampātavaṇṇanā);
Arūpaṃ ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ. Bhūtanti vijjamānaṃ, khandhapañcakanti attho. ‘‘Bhūtamidanti, sāriputta, samanupassāmī’’tiādīsu khandhapañcakaṃ ‘‘bhūta’’nti vuccati. Attano kāraṇaṃ paṭicca samaṃ, sammā ca uppannanti paṭiccasamuppannaṃ. Paṭhama…pe… bhaveyyāti saṅkhatanissaraṇabhāvena vuttassa nibbānassa abhāvappattiyā ca tadekayoganiddiṭṭhānaṃ yathākkamaṃ kāmarūpanissaraṇānaṃ paṭhamajjhānākāsānañcāyatanānampi abhāvoyeva āpajjeyya. Idāni yathādhippetamatthaṃ āgamena dassetuṃ ‘‘na tu khayo’’tiādi vuttaṃ.
‘‘Atthi…pe… suphusitanti cā’’ti natthi nissaraṇaṃ loke, kiṃ vivekena kāmāpīti evaṃ mārena paṭibāhite. ‘‘Atthi…pe… suphusita’’nti nibbānaṃ patiṭṭhapentena āḷavakattherena vuttaṃ. Suphusitanti suṭṭhu phusitaṃ, sacchikatanti vuttaṃ hoti. Ajātantiādīni cattāri padāni aññamaññavevacanāni. Atha vā vedanādayo viya hetupaccayasamavāyasaṅkhātāya kāraṇasāmaggiyā na jātaṃ na nibbattanti ajātaṃ. Kāraṇena vinā sayameva ca na bhūtaṃ na pātubhūtaṃ na uppannanti abhūtaṃ. Evaṃ ajātattā abhūtattā yena kenaci kāraṇena na katanti akataṃ. Jātabhūtakatabhāvo ca nāma rūpādīnaṃ saṅkhatadhammānaṃ hoti, na asaṅkhatasabhāvassa nibbānassāti dassanatthaṃ asaṅkhatanti vuttaṃ. Paṭilomato vā samecca sambhūya paccayehi katanti saṅkhataṃ, na tathā saṅkhataṃ, saṅkhatalakkhaṇarahitanti ca asaṅkhatanti. Evaṃ anekehi kāraṇehi nibbattitabhāve paṭisiddhe pakativādīnaṃ pakati viya siyā nu kho, ekeneva kāraṇena etaṃ katanti āsaṅkāya na kenaci katanti dassanatthaṃ ‘‘akata’’nti vuttaṃ. Evaṃ apaccayampi samānaṃ sayameva nu kho idaṃ bhūtaṃ pātubhūtanti āsaṅkāya tannivattanatthaṃ ‘‘abhūta’’nti vuttaṃ. Ayañcetassa asaṅkhatākatābhūtabhāvo sabbena sabbaṃ ajātadhammattāti dassetuṃ ‘‘ajāta’’nti vuttaṃ.
Asaṅkhatantīti iti-saddo ādiattho. Tena –
‘‘No cetaṃ, bhikkhave, abhavissa ajātaṃ abhūtaṃ akataṃ asaṅkhataṃ. Nayidha jātassa bhūtassa katassa saṅkhatassa nissaraṇaṃ paññāyetha. Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhave, atthi ajātaṃ abhūtaṃ akataṃ asaṅkhataṃ, tasmā jātassa bhūtassa katassa saṅkhatassa nissaraṇaṃ paññāyatī’’ti (udā. 73) –
Evamādisuttapadaṃ saṅgaṇhāti. Tenāha ‘‘anekesu suttantesū’’ti. Dhammena sadevakassa lokassa sāmī, dhammassa vā yathicchitaṃ desanato sāmī issaroti dhammasāmī. Tathāgata-saddassa attho heṭṭhā kathitova. Sammā sāmaṃ sabbadhamme abhisambuddho, sammā sayameva sammohaniddāvigamena paṭibuddho, buddhiyā vikasitavāti vā sammāsambuddho.
Parittattiketi ‘‘parittā dhammā, mahaggatā dhammā, appamāṇā dhammā’’ti (dha. sa. tikamātikā 12) evaṃ parittādidhammavasena āgate parittattike.
Navattabbārammaṇattāti navattabbārammaṇattappasaṅgato. Tenāha ‘‘navattabbārammaṇapakkhaṃ bhajeyyu’’nti. Rūpāvacarattikacatukkajjhānāti catukkanayena tikajjhānā, pañcakanayena catukkajjhānā. Kusalakiriyānaṃ abhiññābhāvappattiyā parittādikepi ārabbha pavattanato ‘‘catutthassa jhānassa vipāko’’ti āha. Tasmāti yathāvuttayuttito ceva pāḷito ca. Kiñca bhiyyo – saṅkhatadhammārammaṇaṃ vipassanāñāṇaṃ, apica anulomabhāvappattaṃ kilese tadaṅgavasena pajahati, samucchedavasena pajahituṃ na sakkoti, tathā sammutisaccārammaṇaṃ paṭhamajjhānādikusalañāṇaṃ vikkhambhanavaseneva kilese pajahati, na samucchedavasena. Iti saṅkhatadhammārammaṇassa, sammutisaccārammaṇassa ca ñāṇassa kilesānaṃ samucchedappahāne asamatthabhāvato tesaṃ samucchedappahānakarassa ariyamaggañāṇassa tadubhayaviparītabhāvena ārammaṇena bhavitabbaṃ, tañca nibbānameva. Tenāhu porāṇā –
‘‘Ñāṇaṃ yaṃ saṅkhatālambaṃ, paññattālambameva vā;
Pāpe hanti na taṃ vatthuṃ, tadaññaṃ sampaṭicchiya’’nti.
Rūpasabhāvābhāvatoti etena yathā rūpadhammānaṃ ruppanasabhāvo, paṭighātavantatā kalāpato vuttiyā padesasambandho sabhāvo, evaṃ nibbānassa katthaci paṭighāto, sappadesatā ca natthīti dasseti. Na hi nibbānaṃ ‘‘asukadisāya, asukapadese’’ti vā niddisīyati. Papañcābhāvatoti taṇhāmānadiṭṭhipapañcehi saha avaṭṭhānavasena abhāvato, tesaṃ abhāvapaccayatāya ca. Taṇhādiṭṭhimānā hi saṃsāre satte papañcentīti papañcā nāma.
772-5. Evaṃ nibbānaṃ yuttito, suttato ca sādhetvā idāni tassa pariyāyasandassanatthaṃ ‘‘accantamananta’’ntiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha saṃsārappavattiyā pariyosānabhūtattā antaṃ. Iminā anupādisesanibbānadhātu kathitāti vadanti, sopādisesanibbānadhātupi vaṭṭati, akatantipi paṭhanti. So heṭṭhā vuttatthova. Sauppādavayantābhāvena anantaṃ. Kilesapariḷāhābhāvena, kilesakkhobhābhāvena ca santaṃ. Palokitābhāvena apalokitaṃ. Atittikarabhāvena paṇītaṃ. Sabbadukkhahananato saraṇaṃ. Kilesacorehi anupaddutattā nibbhayatāya khemaṃ. Sabbupaddavanivāraṇato tāṇaṃ. Jātiādidukkhehi anubandhassa allīyituṃ yuttaṭṭhānatāya leṇaṃ. Yathāpaṭipannassa santidāyakattena paraṃ patiṭṭhābhāvato parāyaṇaṃ.
Sabbapīḷāvimuttatāya sivaṃ. Upanissayahīnānaṃ sabbaññumukhato sutvāpi ṭhapetvā guṇavasena sabhāvato paṭivijjhituṃ dukkaratāya nipuṇaṃ. Aviparītatāya saccaṃ. Sabbadukkhaparikkhayakarattā dukkhakkhayaṃ. Tejussadatāya santattaayoguḷe makkhikāhi viya catūhi āsavehi ārammaṇakaraṇavasena pavattituṃ asakkuṇeyyatāya anāsavaṃ. Mahākāruṇikassāpi dhammadesanāya appossukkabhāvāpādanena paṭivijjhituṃ dukkaratāya sududdasaṃ. Lokuttaradhammesupi asaṅkhataguṇena visiṭṭhatāya paraṃ. Saṃsāramahāsamuddassa tīrabhūtattā pāraṃ. Maṃsacakkhuno, dibbacakkhuno vā agocaratāya anidassanaṃ. Nidassanasaṅkhātāya upamāya abhāvato vā anidassanaṃ.
Avipariṇāmadhammattā dhuvaṃ. Tatoyeva paramapatiṭṭhābhāvato dīpaṃ. Rogādipīḷābhāvato abyāpajjhaṃ. Tatoyeva anītikaṃ. Taṇhālayābhāvato anālayaṃ. Saṅkhatāsaṅkhatesu asaṅkhatakoṭṭhāsabhūtattā, paramapatiṭṭhābhāvato vā padaṃ. Avināsabhāvena accutaṃ. Akkharaṇato avinassanato akkharaṃ.
Saṅkhatanissaṭattā vimutti. Bhavabandhanavimuttihetutāya mokkhaṃ.
776-7.Evanti yathāvuttanayena. Viññāyāti uggahaparipucchāvasena jānitvā. Adhigamūpāyoti paṭivijjhanūpāyabhūtā tisso sikkhā. Kātabboti paṭipajjitabbo.
Saddhaṃ, buddhiñca karoti vaḍḍhetīti saddhābuddhikaraṃ. Tathāgatamateti tipiṭakabuddhavacane, catūsu saccesu vā. Paññāya sambhūtaṃ, paññāya vā sambhavo etassāti paññāsambhavaṃ, tadeva sampasādanaṃ buddhādīsu adhimuccanaṃ, taṃ karotīti paññāsambhavasampasādanakaraṃ. Atthabyañjanasālinanti atimadhurehi atthabyañjanehi samannāgataṃ, atthabyañjanasāravantanti vā attho ra-kārassa la-kāraṃ katvā. Sāraṃ jānantīti sāraññū, te vimhāpetīti sāraññuvimhāpanaṃ. Niṭṭhanti pariyosānaṃ, sutamayamūlakaṃ anupādāparinibbānanti adhippāyo.
Iti abhidhammatthavikāsiniyā nāma
Abhidhammāvatārasaṃvaṇṇanāya
Nibbānaniddesavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
