Nội Dung Chính
(17) 2. Paṭipadāvaggo
1. Saṃkhittasuttavaṇṇanā
161. Dutiyassa paṭhame sukhapaṭikkhepena dukkhā paṭipajjitabbato paṭipadā etissāti dukkhāpaṭipadā. Asīghappavattitāya garubhāvena dandhā abhiññā etissāti dandhābhiññā. Imināva nayena sabbapadesu attho veditabbo.
2. Vitthārasuttavaṇṇanā
162. Dutiye abhikkhaṇanti abhiṇhaṃ. Ānantariyanti anantaravipākadāyakaṃ maggasamādhiṃ. Āsavānaṃ khayāyāti arahattaphalatthāya. Pañcindriyānīti vipassanāpañcamakāni pañcindriyāni. Paññindriyanti hi ettha vipassanāpaññāva paññindriyanti adhippetaṃ. Sesamettha pāḷivasena uttānameva.
Imāsaṃ pana paṭipadānaṃ ayaṃ āvibhāvakathā – idha bhikkhu pubbe akatābhiniveso pubbabhāge rūpapariggahe kilamati, arūpapariggahe kilamati, paccayapariggahe kilamati, tīsu addhāsu kilamati, maggāmagge kilamati. Evaṃ pañcasu ṭhānesu kilamanto vipassanaṃ pāpuṇāti. Vipassanaṃ patvāpi udayabbayānupassane, bhaṅgānupassane, bhayatupaṭṭhāne, ādīnavānupassane, nibbidānupassane, muccitukamyatāñāṇe, saṅkhārupekkhāñāṇe, anulomañāṇe, gotrabhuñāṇeti imesu navasu vipassanāñāṇesupi kilamitvāva lokuttaramaggaṃ pāpuṇāti. Tassa so lokuttaramaggo evaṃ dukkhena garubhāvena sacchikatattā dukkhapaṭipado dandhābhiñño nāma jāto. Yo pana pubbabhāge pañcasu ñāṇesu kilamanto aparabhāge navasu vipassanāñāṇesu akilamitvāva maggaṃ sacchikaroti, tassa so maggo evaṃ dukkhena agarubhāvena sacchikatattā dukkhapaṭipado khippābhiñño nāma jāto. Iminā upāyena itarāpi dve veditabbā.
Goṇapariyesakaupamāhi cetā vibhāvetabbā – ekassa hi purisassa cattāro goṇā palāyitvā aṭaviṃ paviṭṭhā. So sakaṇṭake sagahane vane te pariyesanto gahanamaggeneva kicchena kasirena gantvā gahanaṭṭhāneyeva nilīne goṇepi kicchena kasirena addasa. Eko kicchena gantvā abbhokāse ṭhite khippameva addasa. Aparo abbhokāsamaggena sukhena gantvā gahanaṭṭhāne nilīne kicchena kasirena addasa. Aparo abbhokāsamaggeneva sukhena gantvā abbhokāse ṭhiteyeva khippaṃ addasa. Tattha cattāro goṇā viya cattāro ariyamaggā daṭṭhabbā, goṇapariyesako puriso viya yogāvacaro, gahanamaggena kicchena kasirena gamanaṃ viya pubbabhāge pañcasu ñāṇesu kilamato dukkhāpaṭipadā. Gahanaṭṭhāne nilīnānaṃ kiccheneva dassanaṃ viya aparabhāge navasu ñāṇesu kilamantassa ariyamaggānaṃ dassanaṃ. Iminā upāyena sesaupamāpi yojetabbā.
3. Asubhasuttavaṇṇanā
163. Tatiye asubhānupassī kāye viharatīti attano karajakāye ‘‘yathā etaṃ, tathā ida’’nti iminā nayena bahiddhā diṭṭhānaṃ dasannaṃ asubhānaṃ upasaṃharaṇavasena asubhānupassī viharati, attano kāyaṃ asubhato paṭikūlato ñāṇena passatīti attho. Āhāre paṭikūlasaññīti navannaṃ pāṭikulyānaṃ vasena kabaḷīkārāhāre paṭikūlasaññī. Sabbaloke anabhiratisaññīti sabbasmimpi tedhātuke lokasannivāse anabhiratāya ukkaṇṭhitasaññāya samannāgato. Sabbasaṅkhāresu aniccānupassīti sabbepi tebhūmakasaṅkhāre aniccato anupassanto. Maraṇasaññāti maraṇaṃ ārabbha uppannasaññā. Ajjhattaṃ sūpaṭṭhitā hotīti niyakajjhatte suṭṭhu upaṭṭhitā hoti. Ettāvatā balavavipassanā kathitā. Sekhabalānīti sikkhanakānaṃ balāni. Sesamettha pāḷivasena uttānameva. ‘‘Asubhānupassī’’tiādīni pana dukkhāya paṭipadāya dassanatthaṃ vuttāni, paṭhamajjhānādīni sukhāya. Asubhādīni hi paṭikūlārammaṇāni, tesu pana pakatiyāva sampiyāyamānaṃ cittaṃ allīyati. Tasmā tāni bhāvento dukkhapaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno nāma hoti. Paṭhamajjhānādīni paṇītasukhāni , tasmā tāni paṭipanno sukhapaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno nāma hoti.
Ayaṃ panettha sabbasādhāraṇā upamā – saṅgāmāvacarapuriso hi phalakakoṭṭhakaṃ katvā pañcāvudhāni sannayhitvā saṅgāmaṃ pavisati, so antarā vissamitukāmo phalakakoṭṭhakaṃ pavisitvā vissamati ceva pānabhojanādīni ca paṭisevati. Tato puna saṅgāmaṃ pavisitvā kammaṃ karoti. Tattha saṅgāmo viya kilesasaṅgāmo daṭṭhabbo, phalakakoṭṭhako viya pañcanissayabalāni, saṅgāmapavisanapuriso viya yogāvacaro, pañcāvudhasannāho viya vipassanāpañcamāni indriyāni, saṅgāmaṃ pavisanakālo viya vipassanāya kammakaraṇakālo, vissamitukāmassa phalakakoṭṭhakaṃ pavisitvā vissamanapānabhojanāni paṭisevanakālo viya vipassanāya kammaṃ karontassa cittuppādassa nirassādakkhaṇe pañca balāni nissāya cittaṃ sampahaṃsanakālo, vissamitvā khāditvā pivitvā ca puna saṅgāmassa pavisanakālo viya pañcahi balehi cittaṃ sampahaṃsetvā puna vipassanāya kammaṃ karontassa vivaṭṭetvā arahattaggahaṇakālo veditabbo. Imasmiṃ pana sutte balāni ceva indriyāni ca missakāneva kathitānīti.
4. Paṭhamakhamasuttavaṇṇanā
164. Catutthe akkhamāti anadhivāsikapaṭipadā. Khamāti adhivāsikapaṭipadā. Damāti indriyadamanapaṭipadā. Samāti akusalavitakkānaṃ vūpasamanapaṭipadā. Rosantaṃ paṭirosatīti ghaṭṭentaṃ paṭighaṭṭeti. Bhaṇḍantaṃpaṭibhaṇḍatīti paharantaṃ paṭipaharati. Pañcamachaṭṭhāni uttānatthāneva.
7. Mahāmoggallānasuttavaṇṇanā
167. Sattame mahāmoggallānattherassa heṭṭhimā tayo maggā sukhapaṭipadā dandhābhiññā ahesuṃ, arahattamaggo dukkhapaṭipado khippābhiñño. Tasmā evamāha – ‘‘yāyaṃ paṭipadā dukkhā khippābhiññā, imaṃ me paṭipadaṃ āgamma anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimutta’’nti.
8. Sāriputtasuttavaṇṇanā
168. Aṭṭhame dhammasenāpatittherassa heṭṭhimā tayo maggā sukhapaṭipadā dandhābhiññā, arahattamaggo sukhapaṭipado khippābhiñño. Tasmā ‘‘yāyaṃ paṭipadā sukhā khippābhiññā’’ti āha. Imesu pana dvīsupi suttesu missikāva paṭipadā kathitāti veditabbā.
9. Sasaṅkhārasuttavaṇṇanā
169. Navame paṭhamadutiyapuggalā sukkhavipassakā sasaṅkhārena sappayogena saṅkhāranimittaṃ upaṭṭhapenti. Tesu eko vipassanindriyānaṃ balavattā idheva kilesaparinibbānena parinibbāyati, eko indriyānaṃ dubbalatāya idha asakkonto anantare attabhāve tadeva mūlakammaṭṭhānaṃ paṭilabhitvā sasaṅkhārena sappayogena saṅkhāranimittaṃ upaṭṭhapetvā kilesaparinibbānena parinibbāyati, tatiyacatutthā samathayānikā. Tesaṃ eko asaṅkhārena appayogena indriyānaṃ balavattā idheva kilese khepeti, eko indriyānaṃ dubbalattā idha asakkonto anantare attabhāve tadeva mūlakammaṭṭhānaṃ paṭilabhitvā asaṅkhārena appayogena kilese khepetīti veditabbo.
10. Yuganaddhasuttavaṇṇanā
170. Dasame samathapubbaṅgamanti samathaṃ pubbaṅgamaṃ purecārikaṃ katvā. Maggo sañjāyatīti paṭhamo lokuttaramaggo nibbattati. Sotaṃ magganti ekacittakkhaṇikamaggassa āsevanādīni nāma natthi, dutiyamaggādayo pana uppādento tameva āsevati bhāveti bahulīkarotīti vuccati. Vipassanāpubbaṅgamanti vipassanaṃ pubbaṅgamaṃ purecārikaṃ katvā samathaṃ bhāveti, pakatiyā vipassanālābhī vipassanāya ṭhatvā samādhiṃ uppādetīti attho.
Yuganaddhaṃ bhāvetīti yuganaddhaṃ katvā bhāveti. Tattha teneva cittena samāpattiṃ samāpajjitvā teneva saṅkhāre sammasituṃ na sakkā. Ayaṃ pana yāvatā samāpattiyo samāpajjati, tāvatā saṅkhāre sammasati. Yāvatā saṅkhāre sammasati, tāvatā samāpattiyo samāpajjati. Kathaṃ? Paṭhamajjhānaṃ samāpajjati, tato vuṭṭhāya saṅkhāre sammasati, saṅkhāre sammasitvā dutiyajjhānaṃ samāpajjati. Tato vuṭṭhāya puna saṅkhāre sammasati. Saṅkhāre sammasitvā tatiyajjhānaṃ…pe… nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasamāpattiṃ samāpajjati, tato vuṭṭhāya saṅkhāre sammasati. Evamayaṃ samathavipassanaṃ yuganaddhaṃ bhāveti nāma.
Dhammuddhaccaviggahitanti samathavipassanādhammesu dasavipassanupakkilesasaṅkhātena uddhaccena viggahitaṃ, suggahitanti attho. So, āvuso, samayoti iminā sattannaṃ sappāyānaṃ paṭilābhakālo kathito. Yaṃ taṃ cittanti yasmiṃ samaye taṃ vipassanāvīthiṃ okkamitvā pavattaṃ cittaṃ. Ajjhattamevasantiṭṭhatīti vipassanāvīthiṃ paccottharitvā tasmiṃyeva gocarajjhattasaṅkhāte ārammaṇe santiṭṭhati. Sannisīdatīti ārammaṇavasena sammā nisīdati. Ekodi hotīti ekaggaṃ hoti. Samādhiyatīti sammā ādhiyati suṭṭhapitaṃ hoti. Sesamettha uttānatthameva.
Paṭipadāvaggo dutiyo.
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