Nội Dung Chính
5. Muṇḍarājavaggo
1. Ādiyasuttaṃ
41. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho anāthapiṇḍikaṃ gahapatiṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘pañcime, gahapati, bhogānaṃ ādiyā. Katame pañca? Idha, gahapati, ariyasāvako uṭṭhānavīriyādhigatehi bhogehi bāhābalaparicitehi sedāvakkhittehi dhammikehi dhammaladdhehi attānaṃ sukheti pīṇeti sammā sukhaṃ pariharati; mātāpitaro sukheti pīṇeti sammā sukhaṃ pariharati; puttadāradāsakammakaraporise sukheti pīṇeti sammā sukhaṃ pariharati. Ayaṃ paṭhamo bhogānaṃ ādiyo.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, ariyasāvako uṭṭhānavīriyādhigatehi bhogehi bāhābalaparicitehi sedāvakkhittehi dhammikehi dhammaladdhehi mittāmacce sukheti pīṇeti sammā sukhaṃ pariharati. Ayaṃ dutiyo bhogānaṃ ādiyo.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, ariyasāvako uṭṭhānavīriyādhigatehi bhogehi bāhābalaparicitehi sedāvakkhittehi dhammikehi dhammaladdhehi yā tā honti āpadā – aggito vā udakato vā rājato vā corato vā appiyato vā dāyādato [appiyato vā dāyādato vā (bahūsu) a. ni. 4.61; 5.148] – tathārūpāsu āpadāsu bhogehi pariyodhāya vattati, sotthiṃ attānaṃ karoti. Ayaṃ tatiyo bhogānaṃ ādiyo.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, ariyasāvako uṭṭhānavīriyādhigatehi bhogehi bāhābalaparicitehi sedāvakkhittehi dhammikehi dhammaladdhehi pañcabaliṃ kattā hoti. Ñātibaliṃ, atithibaliṃ, pubbapetabaliṃ, rājabaliṃ, devatābaliṃ – ayaṃ catuttho bhogānaṃ ādiyo.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, ariyasāvako uṭṭhānavīriyādhigatehi bhogehi bāhābalaparicitehi sedāvakkhittehi dhammikehi dhammaladdhehi ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā madappamādā paṭiviratā khantisoracce niviṭṭhā ekamattānaṃ damenti ekamattānaṃ samenti ekamattānaṃ parinibbāpenti, tathārūpesu samaṇabrāhmaṇesu uddhaggikaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ patiṭṭhāpeti sovaggikaṃ sukhavipākaṃ saggasaṃvattanikaṃ. Ayaṃ pañcamo bhogānaṃ ādiyo. Ime kho, gahapati, pañca bhogānaṃ ādiyā.
‘‘Tassa ce, gahapati, ariyasāvakassa ime pañca bhogānaṃ ādiye ādiyato bhogā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ye vata bhogānaṃ ādiyā te cāhaṃ ādiyāmi bhogā ca me parikkhayaṃ gacchantī’ti. Itissa hoti avippaṭisāro. Tassa ce, gahapati, ariyasāvakassa ime pañca bhogānaṃ ādiye ādiyato bhogā abhivaḍḍhanti , tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ye vata bhogānaṃ ādiyā te cāhaṃ ādiyāmi bhogā ca me abhivaḍḍhantī’ti. Itissa hoti [itissa hoti avippaṭisāro, (sī. syā.)] ubhayeneva avippaṭisāro’’ti.
‘‘Bhuttā bhogā bhatā bhaccā [gatā tacchā (ka.)], vitiṇṇā āpadāsu me;
Uddhaggā dakkhiṇā dinnā, atho pañcabalīkatā;
Upaṭṭhitā sīlavanto, saññatā brahmacārayo.
‘‘Yadatthaṃ bhogaṃ iccheyya, paṇḍito gharamāvasaṃ;
So me attho anuppatto, kataṃ ananutāpiyaṃ.
‘‘Etaṃ [evaṃ (ka.)] anussaraṃ macco, ariyadhamme ṭhito naro;
Idheva naṃ pasaṃsanti, pecca sagge pamodatī’’ti [pecca sagge ca modatīti (sī. syā.)]. paṭhamaṃ;
2. Sappurisasuttaṃ
42. ‘‘Sappuriso, bhikkhave, kule jāyamāno bahuno janassa atthāya hitāya sukhāya hoti; mātāpitūnaṃ [mātāpitunnaṃ (sī. pī.)] atthāya hitāya sukhāya hoti; puttadārassa atthāya hitāya sukhāya hoti; dāsakammakaraporisassa atthāya hitāya sukhāya hoti; mittāmaccānaṃ atthāya hitāya sukhāya hoti; samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ atthāya hitāya sukhāya hoti.
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, mahāmegho sabbasassāni sampādento bahuno janassa atthāya hitāya sukhāya hoti; evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, sappuriso kule jāyamāno bahuno janassa atthāya hitāya sukhāya hoti; mātāpitūnaṃ atthāya hitāya sukhāya hoti; puttadārassa atthāya hitāya sukhāya hoti; dāsakammakaraporisassa atthāya hitāya sukhāya hoti; mittāmaccānaṃ atthāya hitāya sukhāya hoti; samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ atthāya hitāya sukhāya hotī’’ti.
‘‘Hito bahunnaṃ paṭipajja bhoge, taṃ devatā rakkhati dhammaguttaṃ;
Bahussutaṃ sīlavatūpapannaṃ, dhamme ṭhitaṃ na vijahati [vijahāti (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] kitti.
‘‘Dhammaṭṭhaṃ sīlasampannaṃ, saccavādiṃ hirīmanaṃ;
Nekkhaṃ jambonadasseva, ko taṃ ninditumarahati;
Devāpi naṃ pasaṃsanti, brahmunāpi pasaṃsito’’ti. dutiyaṃ;
3. Iṭṭhasuttaṃ
43. Atha kho anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho anāthapiṇḍikaṃ gahapatiṃ bhagavā etadavoca –
‘‘Pañcime, gahapati, dhammā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā dullabhā lokasmiṃ. Katame pañca? Āyu, gahapati, iṭṭho kanto manāpo dullabho lokasmiṃ; vaṇṇo iṭṭho kanto manāpo dullabho lokasmiṃ; sukhaṃ iṭṭhaṃ kantaṃ manāpaṃ dullabhaṃ lokasmiṃ; yaso iṭṭho kanto manāpo dullabho lokasmiṃ; saggā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā dullabhā lokasmiṃ. Ime kho, gahapati, pañca dhammā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā dullabhā lokasmiṃ.
‘‘Imesaṃ kho, gahapati, pañcannaṃ dhammānaṃ iṭṭhānaṃ kantānaṃ manāpānaṃ dullabhānaṃ lokasmiṃ na āyācanahetu vā patthanāhetu vā [na patthanāhetu vā (syā. kaṃ. pī.)] paṭilābhaṃ vadāmi. Imesaṃ kho, gahapati, pañcannaṃ dhammānaṃ iṭṭhānaṃ kantānaṃ manāpānaṃ dullabhānaṃ lokasmiṃ āyācanahetu vā patthanāhetu vā paṭilābho abhavissa, ko idha kena hāyetha?
‘‘Na kho, gahapati, arahati ariyasāvako āyukāmo āyuṃ āyācituṃ vā abhinandituṃ vā āyussa vāpi hetu. Āyukāmena, gahapati, ariyasāvakena āyusaṃvattanikā paṭipadā paṭipajjitabbā. Āyusaṃvattanikā hissa paṭipadā paṭipannā āyupaṭilābhāya saṃvattati. So lābhī hoti āyussa dibbassa vā mānusassa vā.
‘‘Na kho, gahapati, arahati ariyasāvako vaṇṇakāmo vaṇṇaṃ āyācituṃ vā abhinandituṃ vā vaṇṇassa vāpi hetu. Vaṇṇakāmena, gahapati, ariyasāvakena vaṇṇasaṃvattanikā paṭipadā paṭipajjitabbā. Vaṇṇasaṃvattanikā hissa paṭipadā paṭipannā vaṇṇapaṭilābhāya saṃvattati. So lābhī hoti vaṇṇassa dibbassa vā mānusassa vā.
‘‘Na kho, gahapati, arahati ariyasāvako sukhakāmo sukhaṃ āyācituṃ vā abhinandituṃ vā sukhassa vāpi hetu. Sukhakāmena, gahapati, ariyasāvakena sukhasaṃvattanikā paṭipadā paṭipajjitabbā. Sukhasaṃvattanikā hissa paṭipadā paṭipannā sukhapaṭilābhāya saṃvattati. So lābhī hoti sukhassa dibbassa vā mānusassa vā.
‘‘Na kho, gahapati, arahati ariyasāvako yasakāmo yasaṃ āyācituṃ vā abhinandituṃ vā yasassa vāpi hetu. Yasakāmena, gahapati, ariyasāvakena yasasaṃvattanikā paṭipadā paṭipajjitabbā. Yasasaṃvattanikā hissa paṭipadā paṭipannā yasapaṭilābhāya saṃvattati. So lābhī hoti yasassa dibbassa vā mānusassa vā.
‘‘Na kho, gahapati, arahati ariyasāvako saggakāmo saggaṃ āyācituṃ vā abhinandituṃ vā saggānaṃ vāpi hetu. Saggakāmena, gahapati, ariyasāvakena saggasaṃvattanikā paṭipadā paṭipajjitabbā. Saggasaṃvattanikā hissa paṭipadā paṭipannā saggapaṭilābhāya saṃvattati. So lābhī hoti saggāna’’nti.
‘‘Āyuṃ vaṇṇaṃ yasaṃ kittiṃ, saggaṃ uccākulīnataṃ;
Ratiyo patthayānena [patthayamānena (ka.)], uḷārā aparāparā.
‘‘Appamādaṃ pasaṃsanti, puññakiriyāsu paṇḍitā;
‘‘Appamatto ubho atthe, adhigaṇhāti paṇḍito.
‘‘Diṭṭhe dhamme ca [diṭṭheva dhamme (sī.)] yo attho, yo cattho samparāyiko;
Atthābhisamayā dhīro, paṇḍitoti pavuccatī’’ti. tatiyaṃ;
4. Manāpadāyīsuttaṃ
44. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā vesāliyaṃ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṃ. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena uggassa gahapatino vesālikassa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho uggo gahapati vesāliko yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho uggo gahapati vesāliko bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –
‘‘Sammukhā metaṃ, bhante, bhagavato sutaṃ sammukhā paṭiggahitaṃ – ‘manāpadāyī labhate manāpa’nti. Manāpaṃ me, bhante, sālapupphakaṃ [sālipupphakaṃ (ka.)] khādanīyaṃ; taṃ me bhagavā paṭiggaṇhātu anukampaṃ upādāyā’’ti. Paṭiggahesi bhagavā anukampaṃ upādāya.
‘‘Sammukhā metaṃ, bhante, bhagavato sutaṃ sammukhā paṭiggahitaṃ – ‘manāpadāyī labhate manāpa’nti. Manāpaṃ me, bhante, sampannakolakaṃ sūkaramaṃsaṃ [sampannasūkaramaṃsaṃ (sī.), sampannavarasūkaramaṃsaṃ (syā.)]; taṃ me bhagavā paṭiggaṇhātu anukampaṃ upādāyā’’ti. Paṭiggahesi bhagavā anukampaṃ upādāya.
‘‘Sammukhā metaṃ, bhante, bhagavato sutaṃ sammukhā paṭiggahitaṃ – ‘manāpadāyī labhate manāpa’nti. Manāpaṃ me, bhante, nibbattatelakaṃ [nibaddhatelakaṃ (pī. sī. aṭṭha.), nibbaṭṭatelakaṃ (syā. aṭṭha.)] nāliyasākaṃ; taṃ me bhagavā paṭiggaṇhātu anukampaṃ upādāyā’’ti. Paṭiggahesi bhagavā anukampaṃ upādāya.
‘‘Sammukhā metaṃ, bhante, bhagavato sutaṃ sammukhā paṭiggahitaṃ – ‘manāpadāyī labhate manāpa’nti. Manāpo me, bhante, sālīnaṃ odano vicitakāḷako [vigatakālako (syā. kaṃ. pī. ka.)] anekasūpo anekabyañjano; taṃ me bhagavā paṭiggaṇhātu anukampaṃ upādāyā’’ti. Paṭiggahesi bhagavā anukampaṃ upādāya.
‘‘Sammukhā metaṃ, bhante, bhagavato sutaṃ sammukhā paṭiggahitaṃ – ‘manāpadāyī labhate manāpa’nti. Manāpāni me, bhante, kāsikāni vatthāni; tāni me bhagavā paṭiggaṇhātu anukampaṃ upādāyā’’ti. Paṭiggahesi bhagavā anukampaṃ upādāya.
‘‘Sammukhā metaṃ, bhante, bhagavato sutaṃ sammukhā paṭiggahitaṃ – ‘manāpadāyī labhate manāpa’nti . Manāpo me, bhante, pallaṅko gonakatthato paṭalikatthato kadalimigapavarapaccattharaṇo [kādalimigapavarapaccattharaṇo (sī.)] sauttaracchado ubhatolohitakūpadhāno. Api ca, bhante, mayampetaṃ jānāma – ‘netaṃ bhagavato kappatī’ti. Idaṃ me, bhante, candanaphalakaṃ agghati adhikasatasahassaṃ; taṃ me bhagavā paṭiggaṇhātu anukampaṃ upādāyā’’ti. Paṭiggahesi bhagavā anukampaṃ upādāya. Atha kho bhagavā uggaṃ gahapatiṃ vesālikaṃ iminā anumodanīyena anumodi –
‘‘Manāpadāyī labhate manāpaṃ,
Yo ujjubhūtesu [ujubhūtesu (syā. kaṃ. pī.)] dadāti chandasā;
Acchādanaṃ sayanamannapānaṃ [sayanamathannapānaṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)],
Nānāppakārāni ca paccayāni.
‘‘Cattañca muttañca anuggahītaṃ [anaggahītaṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)],
Khettūpame arahante viditvā;
So duccajaṃ sappuriso cajitvā,
Manāpadāyī labhate manāpa’’nti.
Atha kho bhagavā uggaṃ gahapatiṃ vesālikaṃ iminā anumodanīyena anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi.
Atha kho uggo gahapati vesāliko aparena samayena kālamakāsi. Kālaṅkato [kālakato (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] ca uggo gahapati vesāliko aññataraṃ manomayaṃ kāyaṃ upapajji. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho uggo devaputto abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇo kevalakappaṃ jetavanaṃ obhāsetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitaṃ kho uggaṃ devaputtaṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘kacci te, ugga, yathādhippāyo’’ti? ‘‘Taggha me, bhagavā, yathādhippāyo’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā uggaṃ devaputtaṃ gāthāhi ajjhabhāsi –
‘‘Manāpadāyī labhate manāpaṃ,
Aggassa dātā labhate punaggaṃ;
Varassa dātā varalābhi hoti,
Seṭṭhaṃ dado seṭṭhamupeti ṭhānaṃ.
‘‘Yo aggadāyī varadāyī, seṭṭhadāyī ca yo naro;
Dīghāyu yasavā hoti, yattha yatthūpapajjatī’’ti. catutthaṃ;
5. Puññābhisandasuttaṃ
45. ‘‘Pañcime, bhikkhave, puññābhisandā kusalābhisandā sukhassāhārā sovaggikā sukhavipākā saggasaṃvattanikā iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṃvattanti.
‘‘Katame pañca? Yassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cīvaraṃ paribhuñjamāno appamāṇaṃ cetosamādhiṃ upasampajja viharati, appamāṇo tassa puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṃvattaniko iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṃvattati.
‘‘Yassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhu piṇḍapātaṃ paribhuñjamāno…pe… yassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vihāraṃ paribhuñjamāno…pe… yassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhu mañcapīṭhaṃ paribhuñjamāno…pe….
‘‘Yassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhu gilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ paribhuñjamāno appamāṇaṃ cetosamādhiṃ upasampajja viharati, appamāṇo tassa puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṃvattaniko iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṃvattati. Ime kho, bhikkhave, pañca puññābhisandā kusalābhisandā sukhassāhārā sovaggikā sukhavipākā saggasaṃvattanikā iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṃvattanti.
‘‘Imehi ca pana, bhikkhave, pañcahi puññābhisandehi kusalābhisandehi samannāgatassa ariyasāvakassa na sukaraṃ puññassa pamāṇaṃ gahetuṃ – ‘ettako puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṃvattaniko iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṃvattatī’ti. Atha kho asaṅkheyyo appameyyo mahāpuññakkhandhotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati.
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, mahāsamudde na sukaraṃ udakassa pamāṇaṃ gahetuṃ – ‘ettakāni udakāḷhakānīti vā ettakāni udakāḷhakasatānīti vā ettakāni udakāḷhakasahassānīti vā ettakāni udakāḷhakasatasahassānīti vā; atha kho asaṅkheyyo appameyyo mahāudakakkhandhotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati’. Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, imehi pañcahi puññābhisandehi kusalābhisandehi samannāgatassa ariyasāvakassa na sukaraṃ puññassa pamāṇaṃ gahetuṃ – ‘ettako puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṃvattaniko iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṃvattatī’ti. Atha kho asaṅkheyyo appameyyo mahāpuññakkhandhotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchatī’’ti.
‘‘Mahodadhiṃ aparimitaṃ mahāsaraṃ,
Bahubheravaṃ ratnagaṇānamālayaṃ;
Najjo yathā naragaṇasaṅghasevitā [maccha gaṇasaṃghasevitā (syā. kaṃ. ka.) saṃ. ni. 5.1037 passitabbaṃ],
Puthū savantī upayanti sāgaraṃ.
‘‘Evaṃ naraṃ annadapānavatthadaṃ,
Seyyānisajjattharaṇassa dāyakaṃ;
Puññassa dhārā upayanti paṇḍitaṃ,
Najjo yathā vārivahāva sāgara’’nti. pañcamaṃ;
6. Sampadāsuttaṃ
46. ‘‘Pañcimā, bhikkhave, sampadā. Katamā pañca? Saddhāsampadā, sīlasampadā, sutasampadā, cāgasampadā, paññāsampadā – imā kho, bhikkhave, pañca sampadā’’ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
7. Dhanasuttaṃ
47. ‘‘Pañcimāni, bhikkhave, dhanāni. Katamāni pañca? Saddhādhanaṃ, sīladhanaṃ, sutadhanaṃ, cāgadhanaṃ, paññādhanaṃ.
‘‘Katamañca, bhikkhave, saddhādhanaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako saddho hoti, saddahati tathāgatassa bodhiṃ – ‘itipi so bhagavā…pe… satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ti. Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, saddhādhanaṃ.
‘‘Katamañca , bhikkhave, sīladhanaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti…pe… surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭivirato hoti. Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, sīladhanaṃ.
‘‘Katamañca, bhikkhave, sutadhanaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako bahussuto hoti…pe… diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdho. Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, sutadhanaṃ.
‘‘Katamañca, bhikkhave, cāgadhanaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṃ ajjhāvasati muttacāgo payatapāṇi vossaggarato yācayogo dānasaṃvibhāgarato. Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, cāgadhanaṃ.
‘‘Katamañca, bhikkhave, paññādhanaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako paññavā hoti, udayatthagāminiyā paññāya samannāgato ariyāya nibbedhikāya sammā dukkhakkhayagāminiyā. Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, paññādhanaṃ. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, pañca dhanānī’’ti.
[a. ni. 4.52] ‘‘Yassa saddhā tathāgate, acalā suppatiṭṭhitā;
Sīlañca yassa kalyāṇaṃ, ariyakantaṃ pasaṃsitaṃ.
‘‘Saṅghe pasādo yassatthi, ujubhūtañca dassanaṃ;
Adaliddoti taṃ āhu, amoghaṃ tassa jīvitaṃ.
‘‘Tasmā saddhañca sīlañca, pasādaṃ dhammadassanaṃ;
Anuyuñjetha medhāvī, saraṃ buddhāna sāsana’’nti. sattamaṃ;
8. Alabbhanīyaṭhānasuttaṃ
48. ‘‘Pañcimāni, bhikkhave, alabbhanīyāni ṭhānāni samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā kenaci vā lokasmiṃ. Katamāni pañca? ‘Jarādhammaṃ mā jīrī’ti alabbhanīyaṃ ṭhānaṃ samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā kenaci vā lokasmiṃ. ‘Byādhidhammaṃ mā byādhīyī’ti [vyādhidhammaṃ ‘‘mā vyādhīyī’’ti (sī. pī.)] …pe… ‘maraṇadhammaṃ mā mīyī’ti… ‘khayadhammaṃ mā khīyī’ti… ‘nassanadhammaṃ mā nassī’ti alabbhanīyaṃ ṭhānaṃ samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā kenaci vā lokasmiṃ.
‘‘Assutavato , bhikkhave, puthujjanassa jarādhammaṃ jīrati. So jarādhamme jiṇṇe na iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘na kho mayhevekassa [mayhamevekassa (sī.)] jarādhammaṃ jīrati, atha kho yāvatā sattānaṃ āgati gati cuti upapatti sabbesaṃ sattānaṃ jarādhammaṃ jīrati. Ahañceva [ahañce (?)] kho pana jarādhamme jiṇṇe soceyyaṃ kilameyyaṃ parideveyyaṃ, urattāḷiṃ kandeyyaṃ, sammohaṃ āpajjeyyaṃ, bhattampi me nacchādeyya, kāyepi dubbaṇṇiyaṃ okkameyya, kammantāpi nappavatteyyuṃ [kammantopi nappavatteyya (ka.)], amittāpi attamanā assu, mittāpi dummanā assū’ti. So jarādhamme jiṇṇe socati kilamati paridevati, urattāḷiṃ kandati, sammohaṃ āpajjati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave – ‘assutavā puthujjano viddho savisena sokasallena attānaṃyeva paritāpeti’’’.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, assutavato puthujjanassa byādhidhammaṃ byādhīyati…pe… maraṇadhammaṃ mīyati… khayadhammaṃ khīyati… nassanadhammaṃ nassati. So nassanadhamme naṭṭhe na iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘na kho mayhevekassa nassanadhammaṃ nassati, atha kho yāvatā sattānaṃ āgati gati cuti upapatti sabbesaṃ sattānaṃ nassanadhammaṃ nassati. Ahañceva kho pana nassanadhamme naṭṭhe soceyyaṃ kilameyyaṃ parideveyyaṃ, urattāḷiṃ kandeyyaṃ , sammohaṃ āpajjeyyaṃ, bhattampi me nacchādeyya, kāyepi dubbaṇṇiyaṃ okkameyya, kammantāpi nappavatteyyuṃ, amittāpi attamanā assu, mittāpi dummanā assū’ti. So nassanadhamme naṭṭhe socati kilamati paridevati, urattāḷiṃ kandati, sammohaṃ āpajjati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave – ‘assutavā puthujjano viddho savisena sokasallena attānaṃyeva paritāpeti’’’.
‘‘Sutavato ca kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvakassa jarādhammaṃ jīrati. So jarādhamme jiṇṇe iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘na kho mayhevekassa jarādhammaṃ jīrati, atha kho yāvatā sattānaṃ āgati gati cuti upapatti sabbesaṃ sattānaṃ jarādhammaṃ jīrati. Ahañceva kho pana jarādhamme jiṇṇe soceyyaṃ kilameyyaṃ parideveyyaṃ, urattāḷiṃ kandeyyaṃ, sammohaṃ āpajjeyyaṃ, bhattampi me nacchādeyya, kāyepi dubbaṇṇiyaṃ okkameyya, kammantāpi nappavatteyyuṃ, amittāpi attamanā assu, mittāpi dummanā assū’ti. So jarādhamme jiṇṇe na socati na kilamati na paridevati, na urattāḷiṃ kandati, na sammohaṃ āpajjati . Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave – ‘sutavā ariyasāvako abbuhi [abbahi (sī.)] savisaṃ sokasallaṃ, yena viddho assutavā puthujjano attānaṃyeva paritāpeti. Asoko visallo ariyasāvako attānaṃyeva parinibbāpeti’’’.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavato ariyasāvakassa byādhidhammaṃ byādhīyati…pe… maraṇadhammaṃ mīyati… khayadhammaṃ khīyati… nassanadhammaṃ nassati. So nassanadhamme naṭṭhe iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘na kho mayhevekassa nassanadhammaṃ nassati, atha kho yāvatā sattānaṃ āgati gati cuti upapatti sabbesaṃ sattānaṃ nassanadhammaṃ nassati. Ahañceva kho pana nassanadhamme naṭṭhe soceyyaṃ kilameyyaṃ parideveyyaṃ, urattāḷiṃ kandeyyaṃ, sammohaṃ āpajjeyyaṃ, bhattampi me nacchādeyya, kāyepi dubbaṇṇiyaṃ okkameyya, kammantāpi nappavatteyyuṃ, amittāpi attamanā assu, mittāpi dummanā assū’ti. So nassanadhamme naṭṭhe na socati na kilamati na paridevati, na urattāḷiṃ kandati, na sammohaṃ āpajjati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave – ‘sutavā ariyasāvako abbuhi savisaṃ sokasallaṃ, yena viddho assutavā puthujjano attānaṃyeva paritāpeti. Asoko visallo ariyasāvako attānaṃyeva parinibbāpetī’’’ti.
‘‘Imāni kho, bhikkhave, pañca alabbhanīyāni ṭhānāni samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā kenaci vā lokasmi’’nti.
[jā. 1.5.96 jātakepi] ‘‘Na socanāya paridevanāya,
Atthodha labbhā [attho idha labbhati (syā.), attho idha labbhā (pī.)] api appakopi;
Socantamenaṃ dukhitaṃ viditvā,
Paccatthikā attamanā bhavanti.
‘‘Yato ca kho paṇḍito āpadāsu,
Na vedhatī atthavinicchayaññū;
Paccatthikāssa dukhitā bhavanti,
Disvā mukhaṃ avikāraṃ purāṇaṃ.
‘‘Jappena mantena subhāsitena,
Anuppadānena paveṇiyā vā;
Yathā yathā yattha [yathā yathā yattha yattha (ka.)] labhetha atthaṃ,
Tathā tathā tattha parakkameyya.
‘‘Sace pajāneyya alabbhaneyyo,
Mayāva [mayā vā (syā. kaṃ. pī.)] aññena vā esa attho;
Asocamāno adhivāsayeyya,
Kammaṃ daḷhaṃ kinti karomi dānī’’ti. aṭṭhamaṃ;
9. Kosalasuttaṃ
49. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi.
(Tena kho pana samayena mallikā devī kālaṅkatā hoti.) [( ) natthi (sī.)] Atha kho aññataro puriso yena rājā pasenadi kosalo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā rañño pasenadissa kosalassa upakaṇṇake āroceti – ‘‘mallikā devī, deva [deva devī (syā. kaṃ. pī.)], kālaṅkatā’’ti. Evaṃ vutte rājā pasenadi kosalo dukkhī dummano pattakkhandho adhomukho pajjhāyanto appaṭibhāno nisīdi.
Atha kho bhagavā rājānaṃ pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ dukkhiṃ dummanaṃ pattakkhandhaṃ adhomukhaṃ pajjhāyantaṃ appaṭibhānaṃ viditvā rājānaṃ pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘pañcimāni, mahārāja, alabbhanīyāni ṭhānāni samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā kenaci vā lokasmiṃ. Katamāni pañca? ‘Jarādhammaṃ mā jīrī’ti alabbhanīyaṃ ṭhānaṃ…pe… na socanāya paridevanāya…pe… kammaṃ daḷhaṃ kinti karomi dānī’’ti. Navamaṃ.
10. Nāradasuttaṃ
50. Ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā nārado pāṭaliputte viharati kukkuṭārāme. Tena kho pana samayena muṇḍassa rañño bhaddā devī kālaṅkatā hoti piyā manāpā. So bhaddāya deviyā kālaṅkatāya piyāya manāpāya neva nhāyati [nahāyati (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] na vilimpati na bhattaṃ bhuñjati na kammantaṃ payojeti – rattindivaṃ [rattidivaṃ (ka.)] bhaddāya deviyā sarīre ajjhomucchito. Atha kho muṇḍo rājā piyakaṃ kosārakkhaṃ [sokārakkhaṃ (syā.)] āmantesi – ‘‘tena hi, samma piyaka , bhaddāya deviyā sarīraṃ āyasāya teladoṇiyā pakkhipitvā aññissā āyasāya doṇiyā paṭikujjatha, yathā mayaṃ bhaddāya deviyā sarīraṃ cirataraṃ passeyyāmā’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, devā’’ti kho piyako kosārakkho muṇḍassa rañño paṭissutvā bhaddāya deviyā sarīraṃ āyasāya teladoṇiyā pakkhipitvā aññissā āyasāya doṇiyā paṭikujji.
Atha kho piyakassa kosārakkhassa etadahosi – ‘‘imassa kho muṇḍassa rañño bhaddā devī kālaṅkatā piyā manāpā. So bhaddāya deviyā kālaṅkatāya piyāya manāpāya neva nhāyati na vilimpati na bhattaṃ bhuñjati na kammantaṃ payojeti – rattindivaṃ bhaddāya deviyā sarīre ajjhomucchito. Kaṃ [kiṃ (ka.)] nu kho muṇḍo rājā samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā payirupāseyya, yassa dhammaṃ sutvā sokasallaṃ pajaheyyā’’ti!
Atha kho piyakassa kosārakkhassa etadahosi – ‘‘ayaṃ kho āyasmā nārado pāṭaliputte viharati kukkuṭārāme. Taṃ kho panāyasmantaṃ nāradaṃ evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato – ‘paṇḍito viyatto [vyatto (sī. pī.), byatto (syā. kaṃ., dī. ni. 2.407)] medhāvī bahussuto cittakathī kalyāṇapaṭibhāno vuddho ceva [buddho ceva (ka.)] arahā ca’ [arahā cā’ti (?)]. Yaṃnūna muṇḍo rājā āyasmantaṃ nāradaṃ payirupāseyya, appeva nāma muṇḍo rājā āyasmato nāradassa dhammaṃ sutvā sokasallaṃ pajaheyyā’’ti.
Atha kho piyako kosārakkho yena muṇḍo rājā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā muṇḍaṃ rājānaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ayaṃ kho, deva, āyasmā nārado pāṭaliputte viharati kukkuṭārāme. Taṃ kho panāyasmantaṃ nāradaṃ evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato – ‘paṇḍito viyatto medhāvī bahussuto cittakathī kalyāṇapaṭibhāno vuddho ceva arahā ca’ [arahā cā’ti (?)]. Yadi pana devo āyasmantaṃ nāradaṃ payirupāseyya, appeva nāma devo āyasmato nāradassa dhammaṃ sutvā sokasallaṃ pajaheyyā’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi, samma piyaka , āyasmantaṃ nāradaṃ paṭivedehi. Kathañhi nāma mādiso samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā vijite vasantaṃ pubbe appaṭisaṃvidito upasaṅkamitabbaṃ maññeyyā’’ti ! ‘‘Evaṃ, devā’’ti kho piyako kosārakkho muṇḍassa rañño paṭissutvā yenāyasmā nārado tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ nāradaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho piyako kosārakkho āyasmantaṃ nāradaṃ etadavoca –
‘‘Imassa , bhante, muṇḍassa rañño bhaddā devī kālaṅkatā piyā manāpā. So bhaddāya deviyā kālaṅkatāya piyāya manāpāya neva nhāyati na vilimpati na bhattaṃ bhuñjati na kammantaṃ payojeti – rattindivaṃ bhaddāya deviyā sarīre ajjhomucchito. Sādhu, bhante, āyasmā nārado muṇḍassa rañño tathā dhammaṃ desetu yathā muṇḍo rājā āyasmato nāradassa dhammaṃ sutvā sokasallaṃ pajaheyyā’’ti. ‘‘Yassadāni, piyaka, muṇḍo rājā kālaṃ maññatī’’ti.
Atha kho piyako kosārakkho uṭṭhāyāsanā āyasmantaṃ nāradaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā yena muṇḍo rājā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā muṇḍaṃ rājānaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘katāvakāso kho, deva, āyasmatā nāradena. Yassadāni devo kālaṃ maññatī’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi, samma piyaka, bhadrāni bhadrāni yānāni yojāpehī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, devā’’ti kho piyako kosārakkho muṇḍassa rañño paṭissutvā bhadrāni bhadrāni yānāni yojāpetvā muṇḍaṃ rājānaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘yuttāni kho te, deva, bhadrāni bhadrāni yānāni. Yassadāni devo kālaṃ maññatī’’ti.
Atha kho muṇḍo rājā bhadraṃ yānaṃ [bhadraṃ bhadraṃ yānaṃ (syā. kaṃ. ka.), bhaddaṃ yānaṃ (pī.)] abhiruhitvā bhadrehi bhadrehi yānehi yena kukkuṭārāmo tena pāyāsi mahaccā [mahacca (bahūsu)] rājānubhāvena āyasmantaṃ nāradaṃ dassanāya. Yāvatikā yānassa bhūmi yānena gantvā, yānā paccorohitvā pattikova ārāmaṃ pāvisi. Atha kho muṇḍo rājā yena āyasmā nārado tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ nāradaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho muṇḍaṃ rājānaṃ āyasmā nārado etadavoca –
‘‘Pañcimāni, mahārāja, alabbhanīyāni ṭhānāni samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā kenaci vā lokasmiṃ. Katamāni pañca? ‘Jarādhammaṃ mā jīrī’ti alabbhanīyaṃ ṭhānaṃ samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā kenaci vā lokasmiṃ. ‘Byādhidhammaṃ mā byādhīyī’ti…pe… ‘maraṇadhammaṃ mā mīyī’ti… ‘khayadhammaṃ mā khīyī’ti… ‘nassanadhammaṃ mā nassī’ti alabbhanīyaṃ ṭhānaṃ samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā kenaci vā lokasmiṃ.
‘‘Assutavato , mahārāja, puthujjanassa jarādhammaṃ jīrati. So jarādhamme jiṇṇe na iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘na kho mayhevekassa jarādhammaṃ jīrati, atha kho yāvatā sattānaṃ āgati gati cuti upapatti sabbesaṃ sattānaṃ jarādhammaṃ jīrati. Ahañceva kho pana jarādhamme jiṇṇe soceyyaṃ kilameyyaṃ parideveyyaṃ, urattāḷiṃ kandeyyaṃ, sammohaṃ āpajjeyyaṃ, bhattampi me nacchādeyya, kāyepi dubbaṇṇiyaṃ okkameyya, kammantāpi nappavatteyyuṃ, amittāpi attamanā assu, mittāpi dummanā assū’ti. So jarādhamme jiṇṇe socati kilamati paridevati, urattāḷiṃ kandati, sammohaṃ āpajjati. Ayaṃ vuccati, mahārāja – ‘assutavā puthujjano viddho savisena sokasallena attānaṃyeva paritāpeti’’’.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, assutavato puthujjanassa byādhidhammaṃ byādhīyati…pe… maraṇadhammaṃ mīyati… khayadhammaṃ khīyati… nassanadhammaṃ nassati. So nassanadhamme naṭṭhe na iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘na kho mayhevekassa nassanadhammaṃ nassati, atha kho yāvatā sattānaṃ āgati gati cuti upapatti sabbesaṃ sattānaṃ nassanadhammaṃ nassati. Ahañceva kho pana nassanadhamme naṭṭhe soceyyaṃ kilameyyaṃ parideveyyaṃ, urattāḷiṃ kandeyyaṃ, sammohaṃ āpajjeyyaṃ, bhattampi me nacchādeyya, kāyepi dubbaṇṇiyaṃ okkameyya, kammantāpi nappavatteyyuṃ, amittāpi attamanā assu, mittāpi dummanā assū’ti. So nassanadhamme naṭṭhe socati kilamati paridevati, urattāḷiṃ kandati, sammohaṃ āpajjati. Ayaṃ vuccati, mahārāja – ‘assutavā puthujjano viddho savisena sokasallena attānaṃyeva paritāpeti’’’.
‘‘Sutavato ca kho, mahārāja, ariyasāvakassa jarādhammaṃ jīrati. So jarādhamme jiṇṇe iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘na kho mayhevekassa jarādhammaṃ jīrati, atha kho yāvatā sattānaṃ āgati gati cuti upapatti sabbesaṃ sattānaṃ jarādhammaṃ jīrati. Ahañceva kho pana jarādhamme jiṇṇe soceyyaṃ kilameyyaṃ parideveyyaṃ, urattāḷiṃ kandeyyaṃ, sammohaṃ āpajjeyyaṃ, bhattampi me nacchādeyya, kāyepi dubbaṇṇiyaṃ okkameyya, kammantāpi nappavatteyyuṃ, amittāpi attamanā assu, mittāpi dummanā assū’ti. So jarādhamme jiṇṇe na socati na kilamati na paridevati, na urattāḷiṃ kandati, na sammohaṃ āpajjati. Ayaṃ vuccati, mahārāja – ‘sutavā ariyasāvako abbuhi savisaṃ sokasallaṃ, yena viddho assutavā puthujjano attānaṃyeva paritāpeti. Asoko visallo ariyasāvako attānaṃyeva parinibbāpeti’’’.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, sutavato ariyasāvakassa byādhidhammaṃ byādhīyati…pe… maraṇadhammaṃ mīyati… khayadhammaṃ khīyati… nassanadhammaṃ nassati. So nassanadhamme naṭṭhe iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘na kho mayhevekassa nassanadhammaṃ nassati, atha kho yāvatā sattānaṃ āgati gati cuti upapatti sabbesaṃ sattānaṃ nassanadhammaṃ nassati. Ahañceva kho pana nassanadhamme naṭṭhe soceyyaṃ kilameyyaṃ parideveyyaṃ, urattāḷiṃ kandeyyaṃ, sammohaṃ āpajjeyyaṃ, bhattampi me nacchādeyya, kāyepi dubbaṇṇiyaṃ okkameyya, kammantāpi nappavatteyyuṃ, amittāpi attamanā assu, mittāpi dummanā assū’ti. So nassanadhamme naṭṭhe na socati na kilamati na paridevati, na urattāḷiṃ kandati, na sammohaṃ āpajjati. Ayaṃ vuccati, mahārāja – ‘sutavā ariyasāvako abbuhi savisaṃ sokasallaṃ, yena viddho assutavā puthujjano attānaṃyeva paritāpeti. Asoko visallo ariyasāvako attānaṃyeva parinibbāpeti ’’’.
‘‘Imāni kho, mahārāja, pañca alabbhanīyāni ṭhānāni samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā kenaci vā lokasmi’’nti.
‘‘Na socanāya paridevanāya,
Atthodha labbhā api appakopi;
Socantamenaṃ dukhitaṃ viditvā,
Paccatthikā attamanā bhavanti.
‘‘Yato ca kho paṇḍito āpadāsu,
Na vedhatī atthavinicchayaññū;
Paccatthikāssa dukhitā bhavanti,
Disvā mukhaṃ avikāraṃ purāṇaṃ.
‘‘Jappena mantena subhāsitena,
Anuppadānena paveṇiyā vā;
Yathā yathā yattha labhetha atthaṃ,
Tathā tathā tattha parakkameyya.
‘‘Sace pajāneyya alabbhaneyyo,
Mayāva aññena vā esa attho;
Asocamāno adhivāsayeyya,
Kammaṃ daḷhaṃ kinti karomi dānī’’ti [jā. 1 jātakepi].
Evaṃ vutte muṇḍo rājā āyasmantaṃ nāradaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ko nāmo [ko nu kho (sī. pī.)] ayaṃ, bhante, dhammapariyāyo’’ti? ‘‘Sokasallaharaṇo nāma ayaṃ, mahārāja, dhammapariyāyo’’ti. ‘‘Taggha, bhante, sokasallaharaṇo [taggha bhante sokasallaharaṇo, taggha bhante sokasallaharaṇo (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)]! Imañhi me, bhante, dhammapariyāyaṃ sutvā sokasallaṃ pahīna’’nti.
Atha kho muṇḍo rājā piyakaṃ kosārakkhaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘tena hi, samma piyaka, bhaddāya deviyā sarīraṃ jhāpetha; thūpañcassā karotha. Ajjatagge dāni mayaṃ nhāyissāma ceva vilimpissāma bhattañca bhuñjissāma kammante ca payojessāmā’’ti. Dasamaṃ.
Tassuddānaṃ –
Ādiyo sappuriso iṭṭhā, manāpadāyībhisandaṃ;
Sampadā ca dhanaṃ ṭhānaṃ, kosalo nāradena cāti.
Paṭhamapaṇṇāsakaṃ samattaṃ.
2. Dutiyapaṇṇāsakaṃ
* Bài viết trích trong Aṅguttaranikāya >> Suttapiṭaka >> Tipiṭaka (Mūla), nguồn Tipitaka.org. Tải sách PDF tại đây.
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