Nội Dung Chính
(18) 3. Upāsakavaggo
1. Sārajjasuttaṃ
171. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti . ‘‘Bhadante’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
‘‘Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato upāsako sārajjaṃ okkanto hoti. Katamehi pañcahi? Pāṇātipātī hoti, adinnādāyī hoti, kāmesumicchācārī hoti, musāvādī hoti, surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhāyī hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato upāsako sārajjaṃ okkanto hoti.
‘‘Pañcahi , bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato upāsako visārado hoti. Katamehi pañcahi? Pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti, adinnādānā paṭivirato hoti, kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato hoti, musāvādā paṭivirato hoti, surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭivirato hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato upāsako visārado hotī’’ti. Paṭhamaṃ.
2. Visāradasuttaṃ
172. ‘‘Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato upāsako avisārado agāraṃ ajjhāvasati. Katamehi pañcahi? Pāṇātipātī hoti…pe… surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhāyī hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato upāsako avisārado agāraṃ ajjhāvasati.
‘‘Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato upāsako visārado agāraṃ ajjhāvasati. Katamehi pañcahi? Pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti…pe… surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭivirato hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato upāsako visārado agāraṃ ajjhāvasatī’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.
3. Nirayasuttaṃ
173. ‘‘Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato upāsako yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye. Katamehi pañcahi? Pāṇātipātī hoti…pe… surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhāyī hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato upāsako yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye.
‘‘Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato upāsako yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ sagge. Katamehi pañcahi? Pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti…pe… surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭivirato hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato upāsako yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ sagge’’ti. Tatiyaṃ.
4. Verasuttaṃ
174. Atha kho anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho anāthapiṇḍikaṃ gahapatiṃ bhagavā etadavoca –
‘‘Pañca, gahapati, bhayāni verāni appahāya ‘dussīlo’ iti vuccati, nirayañca upapajjati. Katamāni pañca? Pāṇātipātaṃ, adinnādānaṃ, kāmesumicchācāraṃ, musāvādaṃ, surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānaṃ – imāni kho, gahapati, pañca bhayāni verāni appahāya ‘dussīlo’ iti vuccati, nirayañca upapajjati.
‘‘Pañca, gahapati, bhayāni verāni pahāya ‘sīlavā’ iti vuccati, sugatiñca upapajjati . Katamāni pañca? Pāṇātipātaṃ, adinnādānaṃ, kāmesumicchācāraṃ, musāvādaṃ, surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānaṃ – imāni kho, gahapati, pañca bhayāni verāni pahāya ‘sīlavā’ iti vuccati, sugatiñca upapajjati.
‘‘Yaṃ, gahapati, pāṇātipātī pāṇātipātapaccayā diṭṭhadhammikampi bhayaṃ veraṃ pasavati, samparāyikampi bhayaṃ veraṃ pasavati, cetasikampi dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti, pāṇātipātā paṭivirato neva diṭṭhadhammikaṃ bhayaṃ veraṃ pasavati, na samparāyikaṃ bhayaṃ veraṃ pasavati, na cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Pāṇātipātā paṭiviratassa evaṃ taṃ bhayaṃ veraṃ vūpasantaṃ hoti.
‘‘Yaṃ, gahapati, adinnādāyī…pe….
‘‘Yaṃ, gahapati, kāmesumicchācārī…pe….
‘‘Yaṃ, gahapati, musāvādī…pe….
‘‘Yaṃ, gahapati, surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhāyī surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānapaccayā diṭṭhadhammikampi bhayaṃ veraṃ pasavati, samparāyikampi bhayaṃ veraṃ pasavati, cetasikampi dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti, surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭivirato neva diṭṭhadhammikaṃ bhayaṃ veraṃ pasavati, na samparāyikaṃ bhayaṃ veraṃ pasavati, na cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭiviratassa evaṃ taṃ bhayaṃ veraṃ vūpasantaṃ hotī’’ti.
‘‘Yo pāṇamatipāteti, musāvādañca bhāsati;
Loke adinnaṃ ādiyati, paradārañca gacchati;
Surāmerayapānañca, yo naro anuyuñjati.
‘‘Appahāya pañca verāni, dussīlo iti vuccati;
Kāyassa bhedā duppañño, nirayaṃ sopapajjati.
‘‘Yo pāṇaṃ nātipāteti, musāvādaṃ na bhāsati;
Loke adinnaṃ nādiyati, paradāraṃ na gacchati;
Surāmerayapānañca , yo naro nānuyuñjati.
‘‘Pahāya pañca verāni, sīlavā iti vuccati;
Kāyassa bhedā sappañño, sugatiṃ sopapajjatī’’ti. catutthaṃ;
5. Caṇḍālasuttaṃ
175. ‘‘Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato upāsako upāsakacaṇḍālo ca hoti upāsakamalañca upāsakapatikuṭṭho ca [upāsakapatikiṭṭho ca (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)]. Katamehi pañcahi? Assaddho hoti; dussīlo hoti; kotūhalamaṅgaliko hoti, maṅgalaṃ pacceti no kammaṃ; ito ca bahiddhā dakkhiṇeyyaṃ gavesati; tattha ca pubbakāraṃ karoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato upāsako upāsakacaṇḍālo ca hoti upāsakamalañca upāsakapatikuṭṭho ca.
‘‘Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato upāsako upāsakaratanañca hoti upāsakapadumañca upāsakapuṇḍarīkañca [upāsakapuṇḍarīko ca (pī. ka.)]. Katamehi pañcahi? Saddho hoti; sīlavā hoti; akotūhalamaṅgaliko hoti, kammaṃ pacceti no maṅgalaṃ; na ito bahiddhā dakkhiṇeyyaṃ gavesati; idha ca pubbakāraṃ karoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato upāsako upāsakaratanañca hoti upāsakapadumañca upāsakapuṇḍarīkañcā’’ti. Pañcamaṃ.
6. Pītisuttaṃ
176. Atha kho anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati pañcamattehi upāsakasatehi parivuto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho anāthapiṇḍikaṃ gahapatiṃ bhagavā etadavoca –
‘‘Tumhe kho, gahapati, bhikkhusaṅghaṃ paccupaṭṭhitā cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārena . Na kho, gahapati, tāvatakeneva tuṭṭhi karaṇīyā – ‘mayaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ paccupaṭṭhitā cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārenā’ti . Tasmātiha, gahapati, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘kinti mayaṃ kālena kālaṃ pavivekaṃ pītiṃ upasampajja vihareyyāmā’ti! Evañhi vo, gahapati, sikkhitabba’’nti.
Evaṃ vutte āyasmā sāriputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘acchariyaṃ, bhante, abbhutaṃ, bhante! Yāva subhāsitaṃ cidaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā – ‘tumhe kho, gahapati, bhikkhusaṅghaṃ paccupaṭṭhitā cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārena. Na kho, gahapati, tāvatakeneva tuṭṭhi karaṇīyā – mayaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ paccupaṭṭhitā cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārenāti. Tasmātiha, gahapati, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – kinti mayaṃ kālena kālaṃ pavivekaṃ pītiṃ upasampajja vihareyyāmāti! Evañhi vo, gahapati, sikkhitabba’nti. Yasmiṃ, bhante, samaye ariyasāvako pavivekaṃ pītiṃ upasampajja viharati, pañcassa ṭhānāni tasmiṃ samaye na honti. Yampissa kāmūpasaṃhitaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ, tampissa tasmiṃ samaye na hoti. Yampissa kāmūpasaṃhitaṃ sukhaṃ somanassaṃ, tampissa tasmiṃ samaye na hoti. Yampissa akusalūpasaṃhitaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ, tampissa tasmiṃ samaye na hoti. Yampissa akusalūpasaṃhitaṃ sukhaṃ somanassaṃ, tampissa tasmiṃ samaye na hoti. Yampissa kusalūpasaṃhitaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ, tampissa tasmiṃ samaye na hoti. Yasmiṃ, bhante, samaye ariyasāvako pavivekaṃ pītiṃ upasampajja viharati, imānissa pañca [imāni pañcassa (syā. kaṃ.)] ṭhānāni tasmiṃ samaye na hontī’’ti.
‘‘Sādhu sādhu, sāriputta! Yasmiṃ, sāriputta, samaye ariyasāvako pavivekaṃ pītiṃ upasampajja viharati, pañcassa ṭhānāni tasmiṃ samaye na honti. Yampissa kāmūpasaṃhitaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ, tampissa tasmiṃ samaye na hoti. Yampissa kāmūpasaṃhitaṃ sukhaṃ somanassaṃ, tampissa tasmiṃ samaye na hoti. Yampissa akusalūpasaṃhitaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ, tampissa tasmiṃ samaye na hoti. Yampissa akusalūpasaṃhitaṃ sukhaṃ somanassaṃ, tampissa tasmiṃ samaye na hoti. Yampissa kusalūpasaṃhitaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ, tampissa tasmiṃ samaye na hoti. Yasmiṃ, sāriputta, samaye ariyasāvako pavivekaṃ pītiṃ upasampajja viharati, imānissa [imānettha (sī.)] pañca ṭhānāni tasmiṃ samaye na hontī’’ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
7. Vaṇijjāsuttaṃ
177. ‘‘Pañcimā , bhikkhave, vaṇijjā upāsakena akaraṇīyā. Katamā pañca? Satthavaṇijjā, sattavaṇijjā, maṃsavaṇijjā, majjavaṇijjā, visavaṇijjā – imā kho, bhikkhave, pañca vaṇijjā upāsakena akaraṇīyā’’ti. Sattamaṃ.
8. Rājāsuttaṃ
178. ‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, api nu tumhehi diṭṭhaṃ vā sutaṃ vā – ‘ayaṃ puriso pāṇātipātaṃ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭiviratoti [paṭivirato hotīti (sī.), paṭivirato hoti (syā. kaṃ. pī.)]. Tamenaṃ rājāno gahetvā pāṇātipātā veramaṇihetu hananti vā bandhanti vā pabbājenti vā yathāpaccayaṃ vā karontī’’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Sādhu, bhikkhave! Mayāpi kho etaṃ, bhikkhave, neva diṭṭhaṃ na sutaṃ – ‘ayaṃ puriso pāṇātipātaṃ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭiviratoti. Tamenaṃ rājāno gahetvā pāṇātipātā veramaṇihetu hananti vā bandhanti vā pabbājenti vā yathāpaccayaṃ vā karontī’ti. Api ca, khvassa tatheva pāpakammaṃ pavedenti [tatheva pāpakaṃ kammaṃ pavedayanti (sī.), tadeva pāpakammaṃ pavedeti (syā. kaṃ.)] – ‘ayaṃ puriso itthiṃ vā purisaṃ vā jīvitā voropesīti [voropetīti (syā. kaṃ.)]. Tamenaṃ rājāno gahetvā pāṇātipātahetu hananti vā bandhanti vā pabbājenti vā yathāpaccayaṃ vā karonti. Api nu tumhehi evarūpaṃ diṭṭhaṃ vā sutaṃ vā’’’ti? ‘‘Diṭṭhañca no, bhante, sutañca suyyissati [sūyissati (sī. pī.)] cā’’ti.
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, api nu tumhehi diṭṭhaṃ vā sutaṃ vā – ‘ayaṃ puriso adinnādānaṃ pahāya adinnādānā paṭiviratoti. Tamenaṃ rājāno gahetvā adinnādānā veramaṇihetu hananti vā bandhanti vā pabbājenti vā yathāpaccayaṃ vā karontī’’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ bhante’’. ‘‘Sādhu, bhikkhave! Mayāpi kho etaṃ, bhikkhave, neva diṭṭhaṃ na sutaṃ – ‘ayaṃ puriso adinnādānaṃ pahāya adinnādānā paṭiviratoti. Tamenaṃ rājāno gahetvā adinnādānā veramaṇihetu hananti vā bandhanti vā pabbājenti vā yathāpaccayaṃ vā karontī’ti. Api ca khvassa tatheva pāpakammaṃ pavedenti – ‘ayaṃ puriso gāmā vā araññā vā adinnaṃ theyyasaṅkhātaṃ ādiyīti [ādiyati (syā. kaṃ.)]. Tamenaṃ rājāno gahetvā adinnādānahetu hananti vā bandhanti vā pabbājenti vā yathāpaccayaṃ vā karonti. Api nu tumhehi evarūpaṃ diṭṭhaṃ vā sutaṃ vā’’’ti? ‘‘Diṭṭhañca no, bhante, sutañca suyyissati cā’’ti.
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, api nu tumhehi diṭṭhaṃ vā sutaṃ vā – ‘ayaṃ puriso kāmesumicchācāraṃ pahāya kāmesumicchācārā paṭiviratoti. Tamenaṃ rājāno gahetvā kāmesumicchācārā veramaṇihetu hananti vā bandhanti vā pabbājenti vā yathāpaccayaṃ vā karontī’’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ , bhante’’. ‘‘Sādhu, bhikkhave! Mayāpi kho etaṃ, bhikkhave, neva diṭṭhaṃ na sutaṃ – ‘ayaṃ puriso kāmesumicchācāraṃ pahāya kāmesumicchācārā paṭiviratoti. Tamenaṃ rājāno gahetvā kāmesumicchācārā veramaṇihetu hananti vā bandhanti vā pabbājenti vā yathāpaccayaṃ vā karontī’ti. Api ca khvassa tatheva pāpakammaṃ pavedenti – ‘ayaṃ puriso paritthīsu parakumārīsu cārittaṃ āpajjīti [āpajjati (syā. kaṃ.)]. Tamenaṃ rājāno gahetvā kāmesumicchācārahetu hananti vā bandhanti vā pabbājenti vā yathāpaccayaṃ vā karonti. Api nu tumhehi evarūpaṃ diṭṭhaṃ vā sutaṃ vā’’’ti? ‘‘Diṭṭhañca no, bhante, sutañca suyyissati cā’’ti.
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, api nu tumhehi diṭṭhaṃ vā sutaṃ vā – ‘ayaṃ puriso musāvādaṃ pahāya musāvādā paṭiviratoti. Tamenaṃ rājāno gahetvā musāvādā veramaṇihetu hananti vā bandhanti vā pabbājenti vā yathāpaccayaṃ vā karontī’’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Sādhu, bhikkhave! Mayāpi kho etaṃ, bhikkhave, neva diṭṭhaṃ na sutaṃ – ‘ayaṃ puriso musāvādaṃ pahāya musāvādā paṭiviratoti. Tamenaṃ rājāno gahetvā musāvādā veramaṇihetu hananti vā bandhanti vā pabbājenti vā yathāpaccayaṃ vā karontī’ti. Api ca khvassa tatheva pāpakammaṃ pavedenti – ‘ayaṃ puriso gahapatissa vā gahapatiputtassa vā musāvādena atthaṃ pabhañjīti [bhañjatīti (sī.), bhañjati (syā. kaṃ.), bhañjīti (pī.)]. Tamenaṃ rājāno gahetvā musāvādahetu hananti vā bandhanti vā pabbājenti vā yathāpaccayaṃ vā karonti. Api nu tumhehi evarūpaṃ diṭṭhaṃ vā sutaṃ vā’’’ti? ‘‘Diṭṭhañca no, bhante, sutañca suyyissati cā’’ti .
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, api nu tumhehi diṭṭhaṃ vā sutaṃ vā – ‘ayaṃ puriso surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānaṃ pahāya surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭiviratoti. Tamenaṃ rājāno gahetvā surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā veramaṇihetu hananti vā bandhanti vā pabbājenti vā yathāpaccayaṃ vā karontī’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Sādhu, bhikkhave! Mayāpi kho etaṃ, bhikkhave, neva diṭṭhaṃ na sutaṃ – ‘ayaṃ puriso surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānaṃ pahāya surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭiviratoti. Tamenaṃ rājāno gahetvā surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā veramaṇihetu hananti vā bandhanti vā pabbājenti vā yathāpaccayaṃ vā karontī’ti. Api ca khvassa tatheva pāpakammaṃ pavedenti – ‘ayaṃ puriso surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānaṃ anuyutto itthiṃ vā purisaṃ vā jīvitā voropesi [voropeti (syā.)]; ayaṃ puriso surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānaṃ anuyutto gāmā vā araññā vā adinnaṃ theyyasaṅkhātaṃ ādiyi [ādiyati (sī. syā.)]; ayaṃ puriso surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānaṃ anuyutto paritthīsu parakumārīsu cārittaṃ āpajji [āpajjati (sī. syā.)]; ayaṃ puriso surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānaṃ anuyutto gahapatissa vā gahapatiputtassa vā musāvādena atthaṃ pabhañjīti. Tamenaṃ rājāno gahetvā surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānahetu hananti vā bandhanti vā pabbājenti vā yathāpaccayaṃ vā karonti. Api nu tumhehi evarūpaṃ diṭṭhaṃ vā sutaṃ vā’’’ti? ‘‘Diṭṭhañca no, bhante, sutañca suyyissati cā’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
9. Gihisuttaṃ
179. Atha kho anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati pañcamattehi upāsakasatehi parivuto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘yaṃ kañci [yaṃ kiñci (sī. pī.)], sāriputta, jāneyyātha gihiṃ odātavasanaṃ pañcasu sikkhāpadesu saṃvutakammantaṃ catunnaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhiṃ akicchalābhiṃ akasiralābhiṃ, so ākaṅkhamāno attanāva attānaṃ byākareyya – ‘khīṇanirayomhi khīṇatiracchānayoni khīṇapettivisayo khīṇāpāyaduggativinipāto, sotāpannohamasmi avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo’’’ti.
‘‘Katamesu pañcasu sikkhāpadesu saṃvutakammanto hoti? Idha , sāriputta, ariyasāvako pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti, adinnādānā paṭivirato hoti, kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato hoti, musāvādā paṭivirato hoti, surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭivirato hoti. Imesu pañcasu sikkhāpadesu saṃvutakammanto hoti.
‘‘Katamesaṃ catunnaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī? Idha, sāriputta, ariyasāvako buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti – ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi, satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ti. Ayamassa paṭhamo ābhicetasiko diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāro adhigato hoti avisuddhassa cittassa visuddhiyā apariyodātassa cittassa pariyodapanāya.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, ariyasāvako dhamme aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti – ‘svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo sandiṭṭhiko akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī’ti. Ayamassa dutiyo ābhicetasiko diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāro adhigato hoti avisuddhassa cittassa visuddhiyā apariyodātassa cittassa pariyodapanāya.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, ariyasāvako saṅghe aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti – ‘suppaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho ujuppaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho ñāyappaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho sāmīcippaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, yadidaṃ cattāri purisayugāni aṭṭha purisapuggalā esa bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho āhuneyyo pāhuneyyo dakkhiṇeyyo añjalikaraṇīyo anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā’ti. Ayamassa tatiyo ābhicetasiko diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāro adhigato hoti avisuddhassa cittassa visuddhiyā apariyodātassa cittassa pariyodapanāya.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, ariyasāvako ariyakantehi sīlehi samannāgato hoti akhaṇḍehi acchiddehi asabalehi akammāsehi bhujissehi viññuppasatthehi aparāmaṭṭhehi samādhisaṃvattanikehi. Ayamassa catuttho ābhicetasiko diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāro adhigato hoti avisuddhassa cittassa visuddhiyā apariyodātassa cittassa pariyodapanāya. Imesaṃ catunnaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī.
‘‘Yaṃ kañci, sāriputta, jāneyyātha gihiṃ odātavasanaṃ – imesu pañcasu sikkhāpadesu saṃvutakammantaṃ, imesañca catunnaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhiṃ akicchalābhiṃ akasiralābhiṃ, so ākaṅkhamāno attanāva attānaṃ byākareyya – ‘khīṇanirayomhi khīṇatiracchānayoni khīṇapettivisayo khīṇāpāyaduggativinipāto, sotāpannohamasmi avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo’’’ti.
‘‘Nirayesu bhayaṃ disvā, pāpāni parivajjaye;
Ariyadhammaṃ samādāya, paṇḍito parivajjaye.
‘‘Na hiṃse pāṇabhūtāni, vijjamāne parakkame;
Musā ca na bhaṇe jānaṃ, adinnaṃ na parāmase.
‘‘Sehi dārehi santuṭṭho, paradārañca ārame [nārame (sī. syā.)];
Merayaṃ vāruṇiṃ jantu, na pive cittamohaniṃ.
‘‘Anussareyya sambuddhaṃ, dhammañcānuvitakkaye;
Abyāpajjaṃ [abyāpajjhaṃ (?) abyāpajjhaṃ (ka.)] hitaṃ cittaṃ, devalokāya bhāvaye.
‘‘Upaṭṭhite deyyadhamme, puññatthassa jigīsato [jigiṃsato (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)];
Santesu paṭhamaṃ dinnā, vipulā hoti dakkhiṇā.
‘‘Santo have pavakkhāmi, sāriputta suṇohi me;
Iti kaṇhāsu setāsu, rohiṇīsu harīsu vā.
‘‘Kammāsāsu sarūpāsu, gosu pārevatāsu vā;
Yāsu kāsuci etāsu, danto jāyati puṅgavo.
‘‘Dhorayho balasampanno, kalyāṇajavanikkamo;
Tameva bhāre yuñjanti, nāssa vaṇṇaṃ parikkhare.
‘‘Evamevaṃ manussesu, yasmiṃ kismiñci jātiye;
Khattiye brāhmaṇe vesse, sudde caṇḍālapukkuse.
‘‘Yāsu kāsuci etāsu, danto jāyati subbato;
Dhammaṭṭho sīlasampanno, saccavādī hirīmano.
‘‘Pahīnajātimaraṇo, brahmacariyassa kevalī;
Pannabhāro visaṃyutto, katakicco anāsavo.
‘‘Pāragū sabbadhammānaṃ, anupādāya nibbuto;
Tasmiñca viraje khette, vipulā hoti dakkhiṇā.
‘‘Bālā ca avijānantā, dummedhā assutāvino;
Bahiddhā dadanti dānāni, na hi sante upāsare.
‘‘Ye ca sante upāsanti, sappaññe dhīrasammate;
Saddhā ca nesaṃ sugate, mūlajātā patiṭṭhitā.
‘‘Devalokañca te yanti, kule vā idha jāyare;
Anupubbena nibbānaṃ, adhigacchanti paṇḍitā’’ti. navamaṃ;
10. Gavesīsuttaṃ
180. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kosalesu cārikaṃ carati mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ. Addasā kho bhagavā addhānamaggappaṭipanno aññatarasmiṃ padese mahantaṃ sālavanaṃ; disvāna [disvā (sī. pī.)] maggā okkamma [ukkamma (katthaci)] yena taṃ sālavanaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ sālavanaṃ ajjhogāhetvā aññatarasmiṃ padese sitaṃ pātvākāsi.
Atha kho āyasmato ānandassa etadahosi – ‘‘ko nu kho hetu ko paccayo bhagavato sitassa pātukammāya? Na akāraṇena tathāgatā sitaṃ pātukarontī’’ti. Atha kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ko nu kho, bhante, hetu ko paccayo bhagavato sitassa pātukammāya? Na akāraṇena tathāgatā sitaṃ pātukarontī’’ti.
‘‘Bhūtapubbaṃ, ānanda, imasmiṃ padese nagaraṃ ahosi iddhañceva phītañca bahujanaṃ ākiṇṇamanussaṃ. Taṃ kho panānanda, nagaraṃ kassapo bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho upanissāya vihāsi. Kassapassa kho panānanda, bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa gavesī nāma upāsako ahosi sīlesu aparipūrakārī. Gavesinā kho, ānanda, upāsakena pañcamattāni upāsakasatāni paṭidesitāni samādapitāni [samādāpitāni (?)] ahesuṃ sīlesu aparipūrakārino. Atha kho, ānanda, gavesissa upāsakassa etadahosi – ‘ahaṃ kho imesaṃ pañcannaṃ upāsakasatānaṃ bahūpakāro [bahukāro (katthaci)] pubbaṅgamo samādapetā [samādāpetā (?)], ahañcamhi sīlesu aparipūrakārī, imāni ca pañca upāsakasatāni sīlesu aparipūrakārino. Iccetaṃ samasamaṃ, natthi kiñci atirekaṃ; handāhaṃ atirekāyā’’’ti.
‘‘Atha kho, ānanda, gavesī upāsako yena tāni pañca upāsakasatāni tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā tāni pañca upāsakasatāni etadavoca – ‘ajjatagge maṃ āyasmanto sīlesu paripūrakāriṃ dhārethā’ti! Atha kho, ānanda, tesaṃ pañcannaṃ upāsakasatānaṃ etadahosi – ‘ayyo kho gavesī amhākaṃ bahūpakāro pubbaṅgamo samādapetā . Ayyo hi nāma gavesī sīlesu paripūrakārī bhavissati. Kimaṅgaṃ [kimaṅga (sī. pī.)] pana maya’nti [pana na mayanti (sī.) a. ni. 4.159; cūḷava. 330; saṃ. ni. 5.1020 pāḷiyā saṃsandetabbaṃ]! Atha kho, ānanda, tāni pañca upāsakasatāni yena gavesī upāsako tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā gavesiṃ upāsakaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘ajjatagge ayyo gavesī imānipi pañca upāsakasatāni sīlesu paripūrakārino dhāretū’ti. Atha kho, ānanda, gavesissa upāsakassa etadahosi – ‘ahaṃ kho imesaṃ pañcannaṃ upāsakasatānaṃ bahūpakāro pubbaṅgamo samādapetā, ahañcamhi sīlesu paripūrakārī, imānipi pañca upāsakasatāni sīlesu paripūrakārino . Iccetaṃ samasamaṃ, natthi kiñci atirekaṃ; handāhaṃ atirekāyā’’’ti!
‘‘Atha kho, ānanda, gavesī upāsako yena tāni pañca upāsakasatāni tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā tāni pañca upāsakasatāni etadavoca – ‘ajjatagge maṃ āyasmanto brahmacāriṃ dhāretha ārācāri [anācāriṃ (pī.)] virataṃ methunā gāmadhammā’ti. Atha kho, ānanda, tesaṃ pañcannaṃ upāsakasatānaṃ etadahosi – ‘ayyo kho gavesī amhākaṃ bahūpakāro pubbaṅgamo samādapetā. Ayyo hi nāma gavesī brahmacārī bhavissati ārācārī virato methunā gāmadhammā. Kimaṅgaṃ pana maya’nti! Atha kho, ānanda, tāni pañca upāsakasatāni yena gavesī upāsako tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā gavesiṃ upāsakaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘ajjatagge ayyo gavesī imānipi pañca upāsakasatāni brahmacārino dhāretu ārācārino viratā methunā gāmadhammā’ti. Atha kho, ānanda, gavesissa upāsakassa etadahosi – ‘ahaṃ kho imesaṃ pañcannaṃ upāsakasatānaṃ bahūpakāro pubbaṅgamo samādapetā. Ahañcamhi sīlesu paripūrakārī. Imānipi pañca upāsakasatāni sīlesu paripūrakārino. Ahañcamhi brahmacārī ārācārī virato methunā gāmadhammā. Imānipi pañca upāsakasatāni brahmacārino ārācārino viratā methunā gāmadhammā. Iccetaṃ samasamaṃ, natthi kiñci atirekaṃ; handāhaṃ atirekāyā’’’ti.
‘‘Atha kho, ānanda, gavesī upāsako yena tāni pañca upāsakasatāni tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā tāni pañca upāsakasatāni etadavoca – ‘ajjatagge maṃ āyasmanto ekabhattikaṃ dhāretha rattūparataṃ virataṃ vikālabhojanā’ti. Atha kho, ānanda, tesaṃ pañcannaṃ upāsakasatānaṃ etadahosi – ‘ayyo kho gavesī bahūpakāro pubbaṅgamo samādapetā. Ayyo hi nāma gavesī ekabhattiko bhavissati rattūparato virato vikālabhojanā. Kimaṅgaṃ pana maya’nti! Atha kho, ānanda, tāni pañca upāsakasatāni yena gavesī upāsako tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā gavesiṃ upāsakaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘ajjatagge ayyo gavesī imānipi pañca upāsakasatāni ekabhattike dhāretu rattūparate virate vikālabhojanā’ti. Atha kho, ānanda, gavesissa upāsakassa etadahosi – ‘ahaṃ kho imesaṃ pañcannaṃ upāsakasatānaṃ bahūpakāro pubbaṅgamo samādapetā. Ahañcamhi sīlesu paripūrakārī. Imānipi pañca upāsakasatāni sīlesu paripūrakārino. Ahañcamhi brahmacārī ārācārī virato methunā gāmadhammā. Imānipi pañca upāsakasatāni brahmacārino ārācārino viratā methunā gāmadhammā. Ahañcamhi ekabhattiko rattūparato virato vikālabhojanā. Imānipi pañca upāsakasatāni ekabhattikā rattūparatā viratā vikālabhojanā. Iccetaṃ samasamaṃ, natthi kiñci atirekaṃ; handāhaṃ atirekāyā’’’ti.
‘‘Atha kho, ānanda, gavesī upāsako yena kassapo bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho tenupasaṅkami ; upasaṅkamitvā kassapaṃ bhagavantaṃ arahantaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ etadavoca – ‘labheyyāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ labheyyaṃ upasampada’nti. Alattha kho, ānanda, gavesī upāsako kassapassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa santike pabbajjaṃ, alattha upasampadaṃ. Acirūpasampanno kho panānanda, gavesī bhikkhu eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto nacirasseva – yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti, tadanuttaraṃ – brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihāsi. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti abbhaññāsi. Aññataro ca panānanda, gavesī bhikkhu arahataṃ ahosi.
‘‘Atha kho, ānanda, tesa pañcannaṃ upāsakasatānaṃ etadahosi – ‘ayyo kho gavesī amhākaṃ bahūpakāro pubbaṅgamo samādapetā. Ayyo hi nāma gavesī kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissati. Kimaṅgaṃ pana maya’nti! Atha kho, ānanda, tāni pañca upāsakasatāni yena kassapo bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho tenupasaṅkamiṃsu ; upasaṅkamitvā kassapaṃ bhagavantaṃ arahantaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘labheyyāma mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, labheyyāma upasampada’nti. Alabhiṃsu kho, ānanda, tāni pañca upāsakasatāni kassapassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa santike pabbajjaṃ, alabhiṃsu upasampadaṃ.
‘‘Atha kho, ānanda, gavesissa bhikkhuno etadahosi – ‘ahaṃ kho imassa anuttarassa vimuttisukhassa nikāmalābhī homi akicchalābhī akasiralābhī. Aho vatimānipi pañca bhikkhusatāni imassa anuttarassa vimuttisukhassa nikāmalābhino assu akicchalābhino akasiralābhino’ti. Atha kho, ānanda, tāni pañca bhikkhusatāni vūpakaṭṭhā [bhikkhusatāni ekekā vūpakaṭṭhā (syā. kaṃ.)] appamattā ātāpino pahitattā viharantā nacirasseva – yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti, tadanuttaraṃ – brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihariṃsu. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti abbhaññiṃsu’’.
‘‘Iti kho , ānanda, tāni pañca bhikkhusatāni gavesīpamukhāni uttaruttari [uttaruttariṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] paṇītapaṇītaṃ vāyamamānā anuttaraṃ vimuttiṃ sacchākaṃsu. Tasmātiha, ānanda, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘uttaruttari paṇītapaṇītaṃ vāyamamānā anuttaraṃ vimuttiṃ sacchikarissāmā’ti. Evañhi vo, ānanda, sikkhitabba’’nti. Dasamaṃ.
Upāsakavaggo tatiyo.
Tassuddānaṃ –
Sārajjaṃ visārado nirayaṃ, veraṃ caṇḍālapañcamaṃ;
Pīti vaṇijjā rājāno, gihī ceva gavesināti.
* Bài viết trích trong Aṅguttaranikāya >> Suttapiṭaka >> Tipiṭaka (Mūla), nguồn Tipitaka.org. Tải sách PDF tại đây.
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