Lesson 21
1. The Present Participle (contd.)
This lesson is a continuation of Lesson 11 and should be studied together with that lesson.
It was learnt in Lesson 11 that -nta / -māna are added to the base of verbs which end in -a, to form the present participle masculine and neutuer genders. e.g.:
| paca + nta | = pacanta |
| paca + māna | = pacamāna |
They are declined like -a ending nouns in these two genders.
Further it should be noted that with verbs whose base ends in -e / -aya, -nta is usually added to the base ending in -e; and -māna is added to the base ending in -aya. e.g.:
| core + nta | = corenta |
| coraya + māna | = corayamāna |
With verbs whose base ends in -nā both -nta / -māna are generally added, but the -nā is shortened to -na. e.g.:
| kiṇā + nta | = kiṇanta |
| kiṇā + māna | = kiṇamāna |
| suṇā + nta | = suṇanta |
| suṇā + māna | = suṇamāna |
Present participles ending in -nta occur more frequently in Pāli literature than those ending in -māna.
2. The present participle feminine gender is formed by adding -ntī / -mānā to the verbal base. e.g.:
| paca + ntī | = pacantī |
| paca + mānā | = pacamānā |
| core + ntī | = corentī |
| coraya + mānā | = corayamānā |
| kiṇā + ntī | = kiṇantī |
| kiṇā + mānā | = kiṇamānā |
When -ntī is added, the present participle feminine is declined like feminine nouns ending in -ī. When -mānā is added it is declined like feminine nouns ending in -ā.
Declension of pacantī:
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nom. | pacantī | pacantī, pacantiyo |
| Voc. | pacantī | pacantī, pacantiyo |
| Acc. | pacantiṃ | pacantī, pacantiyo |
| Ins. | pacantiyā | pacantīhi (pacantībhi) |
| Abl. | pacantiyā | pacantīhi (pacantībhi) |
| Dat. | pacantiyā | pacantīnaṃ |
| Gen. | pacantiyā | pacantīnaṃ |
| Loc. | pacantiyā, pacantiyaṃ | pacantīsu |
3. Examples in sentence formation
Singular:
Ammā bhattaṃ pacantī kaññāya saddhiṃ katheti.
Cooking rice the mother speaks with the girl.
Kaññā bhattaṃ pacantiṃ ammaṃ passati.
The girl sees the mother cooking rice.
Kaññā bhattaṃ pacantiyā ammāya udakaṃ deti.
The girl gives water to the mother cooking rice.
Plural:
Bhattaṃ pacantiyo ammāyo kaññāhi saddhiṃ kathenti.
Cooking rice mothers speak with girls.
Kaññāyo bhattaṃ pacantiyo ammāyo passanti.
Girls see mothers cooking rice.
Kaññāyo bhattaṃ pacantīnaṃ ammānaṃ udakaṃ denti.
Girls give water to mothers cooking rice.
Similarly, the present participle can be declined in all cases to agree in gender, number and case with the nouns they qualify.
Exercise 21
4. Translate into English:
1. Khette phalāni corentī dārikā kassakaṃ disvā bhāyitvā dhāvituṃ ārabhi.
2. Buddhassa sāvakena desitaṃ dhammaṃ sutvā yuvati saccaṃ adhigantuṃ icchantī ammāya saddhiṃ mantesi.
3. Sayantaṃ sunakhaṃ āmasantī kumārī gehadvāre nisinnā hoti.
4. Rājinī nārīhi puṭṭhe pañhe vyakarontī sabhāyaṃ nisinnā parisaṃ āmantetvā kathaṃ kathesi.
5. Aṭaviṃ gantvā rukkhaṃ chinditvā sākhāyo ākaḍḍhantiyo itthiyo sigāle disvā bhāyiṃsu.
6. Gehadvāre nisīditvā dussaṃ sibbantī bhaginī gītaṃ gāyati.
7. Asappuriso pāpakammāni paṭicchādetvā upāsakehi saddhiṃ sallapanto vihārasmiṃ āsane nisinno hoti.
8. Sāṭakena veṭhetvā nilīyitaṃ suvaṇṇaṃ passituṃ ākaṅkhamānā yuvati ovarakassa (room) dvāraṃ vivari.
9. Sace tvaṃ mulaṃ vissajjetuṃ iccheyyāsi, mā vatthaṃ kiṇāhi.
10. Sace tumhe bhūpālassa dūtaṃ pesetha amacce pi ārocetha.
11. Kassako chinnā sakhāyo khettamhā nīharitvā aṭaviyaṃ pakkhipi.
12. Pokkaraṇiyā tīre (bank) ṭhatvā kadaliphalaṃ khādantī kaññā bhaginiyā dinnaṃ padumaṃ gaṇhi.
13. Amhākaṃ (our) hatthapādesu vīsati (twenty) aṅguliyo santi.
14. Rattiyā gehā nikkhamituṃ bhāyantī kaññā dvāraṃ na vivari.
15. Sace tvaṃ yaṭṭhiyā kukkuraṃ pahareyyāsi so ḍaseyya.
16. Mayaṃ sappurisā bhavituṃ ākaṅkhamānā samaṇe upasaṅkamma dhammaṃ sutvā kusalaṃ kātuṃ ārabhimha.
17. Pāpakammehi anubandhitā asappurisā corā niraye (purgatory) uppajjitvā dukkhaṃ vindanti.
18. Mā puññaṃ parivajjetvā pāpaṃ karotha, sace kareyyātha manussalokamhā cavitvā dukkhaṃ vindissatha.
19. Sace tumhe sagge uppajjitvā modituṃ patthetha puññāni karotha.
20. Saccaṃ ñātuṃ ussahantā brāhmaṇā sahāyakehi saha mantayiṃsu.
21. Nāriyā pañjare (cage) pakkhittā sukā kadaliphalaṃ khādantā nisinnā honti.
22. Goṇaṃ viheṭhetuṃ na icchanto vāṇijo sakaṭamhā bhaṇḍāni nīharitva bhūmiyaṃ nikkhipitvā kassakaṃ ārocesi.
23. Aṭaviyaṃ viharantā migā ca goṇā ca varāhā ca sīhamhā bhāyanti.
24. Samaṇā saddhāya upāsakehi dinnaṃ bhuñjitvā saccaṃ adhigantuṃ vāyamantā sīlāni rakkhanti.
25. Rattiyā nikkhantā doṇi nadiṃ taritvā pabhāte (in the morning) dīpaṃ pāpuṇi.
26. Gehassa chāyāya ṭhatvā dārikāya bhūmiyaṃ nikkhittaṃ odanaṃ sunakho khādituṃ ārabhi.
27. Bhariyāya nāḷiyā mitaṃ dhaññaṃ ādāya kassako āpaṇaṃ gato hoti.
28. Uḍḍente kāke disvā vālukāya ca udakena ca kīḷantī dārikā hasamānā dhāvi.
29. Rathaṃ pājetuṃ (to drive) uggaṇhanto puriso dakkho (clever) rathācariyo bhavituṃ vāyami.
30. Vivaṭamhā dvāramhā nikkhantā kumārā pañjarehi muttā sakuṇā viya (like) uyyānaṃ dhāviṃsu.
5. Translate into Pāli:
1. Seated on the bed the girl drank the milk given by her mother.
2. Taking the pots (ghaṭe) and talking the women went to the river to bring water.
3. Without wishing to harass the bird the woman released him from the cage (pañjara).
4. Unable (asakkoti) to pick the fruits from the tree the young girl called the farmer.
5. There is no (natthi) milk in the bowl of the crying child.
6. The girls who were singing under the tree started dancing.
7. Being chased by the hunter and his dogs the deer ran into the forest.
8. Wishing to get profit the women sold garments in shops.
9. In order to buy oil (tela) to light lamps the boy went from shop to shop.
10. I gave the box to the girl sitting in the shade of the tree.
11. The girls laughed pulling the creeper from the tree.
12. They who oppress women and children are wicked men.
13. We see with our eyes the rays of the sun falling on the ground.
14. Hitting with a stick the woman killed the serpent entering the house.
15. Putting fruits and flowers in boxes sisters sat at the open door.
16. If you will come out of water and protect the child I will step into the pond and bathe.
17. We got angry with the women committing evil and left the hall.
18. Do not shoot the cows and deer roaming in the park, the king and queen will get angry.
19. May the king and his ministers not oppress the people living in the island.
20. I gave rice to the starving dogs walking on the road.
-ooOoo-
