Lesson 18
1. Declension of feminine nouns ending in -ā
Vanitā – woman
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nom. | vanitā | vanitā, vanitāyo |
| Voc. | vanite | vanitā, vanitāyo |
| Acc. | vanitaṃ | vanitā, vanitāyo |
| Ins. | vanitāya | vanitāhi (vanitābhi) |
| Abl. | vanitāya | vanitāhi (vanitābhi) |
| Dat. | vanitāya | vanitānaṃ |
| Gen. | vanitāya | vanitānaṃ |
| Loc. | vanitāya, vanitāyaṃ | vanitāsu |
2. The following nouns are similarly declined:
(Most nouns ending in -ā are feminine).
| kaññā / dārikā | girl |
| gaṅgā | river Ganges |
| nāvā | ship |
| ammā | mother |
| paññā | wisdom |
| sālā | hall |
| bhariyā | wife |
| sabhā | assembly |
| kathā | speech |
| latā | creeper |
| guhā | cave |
| chāyā | shadow |
| vālukā | sand |
| mañjūsā | box |
| mālā | garland |
| surā | liquor |
| sākhā | branch |
| devatā | deity |
| parisā | retinue |
| saddhā | faith, devotion |
| gīvā | neck |
| jivhā | tongue |
| pipāsā | thirst |
| khudā | hunger |
3. Vocabulary – Verbs
| sakkoti | can, is able |
| parivāreti | accompanies, surrounds |
| nivāreti | prevents |
| anubandhati | follows, chases after |
| kujjhati | gets angry |
| namassati | salutes, worships |
| poseti | brings up, nourishes |
| vāyamati | tries |
| nilīyati | hides |
| sallapati | engages in conversation |
| modati | is happy, enjoys |
| sukhaṃ vindati | experiences joy |
| dukkhaṃ vindati | experiences suffering |
| paṭiyādeti | prepares |
| pakkhipati | puts, places, deposits |
Exercise 18:
4. Translate into English:
1. Sace sabhāyaṃ kaññāyo katheyyuṃ aham pi kathessāmi.
2. Dārikāyo pupphāni ocinitvā sālāyaṃ nisīditvā mālāyo kariṃsu.
3. Vanitā rukkhassa sākhāyo chinditvā ākaḍḍhi.
4. Bhariyā mañjūsāsu vatthāni ca suvaṇṇaṃ ca ṭhapesi.
5. Dārikā pāsādassa chāyāyaṃ nisīditvā vālukāya kīḷiṃsu.
6. Bhariyāya kathaṃ sutvā pasīditvā kassako sappuriso abhavi.
7. Devatāyo puññāni karonte dhammena jīvante manusse rakkhantu.
8. Pabbatasmiṃ guhāsu vasantā sīhā vālukāya kīḷante mige māresuṃ.
9. Ammā dārikāya kujjhitvā hatthena pahari.
10. Vanitāyo saddhāya bhattaṃ pacitvā vihāraṃ netvā samaṇānaṃ pūjesuṃ
11. Tumhe mā suraṃ pivatha, mā gilānā (sick) bhavituṃ ussahatha.
12. Dhammena dhanaṃ saṃharamānā paññāya putte posentā narā manussaloke sukhaṃ vindanti.
13. Sace tumhe nāvāya gaṅgaṃ tareyyātha dīpasmiṃ vasante tāpase disvā āgantuṃ sakkissatha.
14. Parisaṃ parivāretvā pāsādamhā nikkhamantaṃ bhūpālaṃ disvā vanitāyo modanti.
15. Kaññāyo sālāyaṃ sannipatitvā kumārehi saddhiṃ sallapiṃsu.
16. Khudāya pīḷentaṃ gilānaṃ yācakaṃ disvā ammā bhattaṃ adadi / adāsi.
17. Guhāyaṃ nilīyitvā suraṃ pivantā corā sīhaṃ passitvā bhāyiṃsu.
18. Varāhe māretvā jīvanto naro gilāno hutvā dukkhaṃ vindati.
19. Vāṇijassa āpaṇe mañjūsāyaṃ mūlaṃ (money) atthi.
20. Samaṇā manusse pāpā nivāretvā sappurese kātuṃ vāyamanti.
5. Translate into Pāli:
1. The man stood on the road asking my mother the way to go to the monastery.
2. Having prepared rice with faith for the monks, the woman took it to the monastery.
3. You can live righteously and seek wealth.
4. Sitting in the shade of the house the girls cut branches from the creeper.
5. Wicked men did not advise their sons who drink liquor.
6. Taking the basket and money the girl went to the market to buy corn.
7. If you light lamps the lay devotees will see the objects in the monastery.
8. O good men, you learn the dhamma and try to live righteously.
9. If you try, you can avoid evil and do good.
10. Having seen the lion sleeping in the cave the woman ran.
-ooOoo-
