Nội Dung Chính
5. Dhammikavaggo
1. Nāgasuttaṃ
43. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya sāvatthiyaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Sāvatthiyaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘āyāmānanda , yena pubbārāmo migāramātupāsādo tenupasaṅkamissāma divāvihārāyā’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato paccassosi.
Atha kho bhagavā āyasmatā ānandena saddhiṃ yena pubbārāmo migāramātupāsādo tenupasaṅkami. Atha kho bhagavā sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘āyāmānanda, yena pubbakoṭṭhako tenupasaṅkamissāma gattāni parisiñcitu’’nti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato paccassosi. Atha kho bhagavā āyasmatā ānandena saddhiṃ yena pubbakoṭṭhako tenupasaṅkami gattāni parisiñcituṃ. Pubbakoṭṭhake gattāni parisiñcitvā paccuttaritvā ekacīvaro aṭṭhāsi gattāni pubbāpayamāno.
Tena kho pana samayena rañño pasenadissa kosalassa seto nāma nāgo mahātūriya [mahāturiya (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] tāḷitavāditena pubbakoṭṭhakā paccuttarati. Apissu taṃ jano disvā evamāha – ‘‘abhirūpo vata, bho, rañño nāgo; dassanīyo vata, bho, rañño nāgo; pāsādiko vata, bho, rañño nāgo; kāyupapanno vata, bho, rañño nāgo’’ti! Evaṃ vutte āyasmā udāyī bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘hatthimeva nu kho, bhante, mahantaṃ brahantaṃ [mahantaṃ bruhantaṃ (sī.), mahattaṃ brahmattaṃ (ka.)] kāyupapannaṃ jano disvā evamāha – ‘nāgo vata, bho, nāgo’ti, udāhu aññampi kañci [kiñci (ka.)] mahantaṃ brahantaṃ kāyupapannaṃ jano disvā evamāha – ‘nāgo vata, bho, nāgo’’’ti? ‘‘Hatthimpi kho, udāyi, mahantaṃ brahantaṃ kāyupapannaṃ jano disvā evamāha – ‘nāgo vata, bho, nāgo’ti! Assampi kho, udāyi, mahantaṃ brahantaṃ…pe… goṇampi kho, udāyi , mahantaṃ brahantaṃ…pe… uragampi [nāgampi (ka.)] kho, udāyi, mahantaṃ brahantaṃ…pe… rukkhampi kho, udāyi , mahantaṃ brahantaṃ…pe… manussampi kho, udāyi, mahantaṃ brahantaṃ kāyupapannaṃ jano disvā evamāha – ‘nāgo vata, bho, nāgo’ti! Api ca, udāyi, yo sadevake loke samārake sabrahmake sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya āguṃ na karoti kāyena vācāya manasā, tamahaṃ ‘nāgo’ti brūmī’’ti.
‘‘Acchariyaṃ, bhante, abbhutaṃ, bhante! Yāva subhāsitaṃ cidaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā – api ca, udāyi, yo sadevake loke samārake sabrahmake sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya āguṃ na karoti kāyena vācāya manasā, tamahaṃ ‘nāgo’ti brūmī’’ti. Idañca panāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā subhāsitaṃ imāhi gāthāhi anumodāmi –
‘‘Manussabhūtaṃ sambuddhaṃ, attadantaṃ samāhitaṃ;
Iriyamānaṃ brahmapathe, cittassūpasame rataṃ.
‘‘Yaṃ manussā namassanti, sabbadhammāna pāraguṃ;
Devāpi taṃ [naṃ (sī. pī.)] namassanti, iti me arahato sutaṃ.
‘‘Sabbasaṃyojanātītaṃ, vanā nibbana [nibbāna (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] māgataṃ;
Kāmehi nekkhammarataṃ [nekkhamme rataṃ (ka. sī.)], muttaṃ selāva kañcanaṃ.
‘‘Sabbe accarucī nāgo, himavāññe siluccaye;
Sabbesaṃ nāganāmānaṃ, saccanāmo anuttaro.
‘‘Nāgaṃ vo [te (ka.)] kittayissāmi, na hi āguṃ karoti so;
Soraccaṃ avihiṃsā ca, pādā nāgassa te duve.
‘‘Tapo ca brahmacariyaṃ, caraṇā nāgassa tyāpare;
Saddhāhattho mahānāgo, upekkhāsetadantavā.
‘‘Sati gīvā siro paññā, vīmaṃsā dhammacintanā;
Dhammakucchisamātapo, viveko tassa vāladhi.
‘‘So jhāyī assāsarato, ajjhattaṃ susamāhito [ajjhattupasamāhito (syā. ka.)];
Gacchaṃ samāhito nāgo, ṭhito nāgo samāhito.
‘‘Seyyaṃ samāhito nāgo, nisinnopi samāhito;
Sabbattha saṃvuto nāgo, esā nāgassa sampadā.
‘‘Bhuñjati anavajjāni, sāvajjāni na bhuñjati;
Ghāsamacchādanaṃ laddhā, sannidhiṃ parivajjayaṃ.
‘‘Saṃyojanaṃ aṇuṃ thūlaṃ, sabbaṃ chetvāna bandhanaṃ;
Yena yeneva gacchati, anapekkhova gacchati.
‘‘Yathāpi udake jātaṃ, puṇḍarīkaṃ pavaḍḍhati;
Nupalippati [na upalippati (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.), nupalimpati (ka.)] toyena, sucigandhaṃ manoramaṃ.
‘‘Tatheva loke sujāto, buddho loke viharati;
Nupalippati lokena, toyena padumaṃ yathā.
‘‘Mahāginīva jalito [mahāggini pajjalito (sī. syā. kaṃ.)], anāhārūpasammati;
Saṅkhāresūpasantesu [aṅgāresu ca santesu (ka.)], nibbutoti pavuccati.
‘‘Atthassāyaṃ viññāpanī, upamā viññūhi desitā;
Viññassanti [viññissanti (ka.)] mahānāgā, nāgaṃ nāgena desitaṃ.
‘‘Vītarāgo vītadoso, vītamoho anāsavo;
Sarīraṃ vijahaṃ nāgo, parinibbissati [parinibbāti (pī. ka.)] anāsavo’’ti. paṭhamaṃ;
2. Migasālāsuttaṃ
44. Atha kho āyasmā ānando pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena migasālāya upāsikāya nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho migasālā [migasāṇā (ka.) a. ni. 10.75] upāsikā yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho migasālā upāsikā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca –
‘‘Kathaṃ kathaṃ nāmāyaṃ, bhante ānanda, bhagavatā dhammo desito aññeyyo, yatra hi nāma brahmacārī ca abrahmacārī ca ubho samasamagatikā bhavissanti abhisamparāyaṃ ? Pitā me, bhante, purāṇo brahmacārī ahosi ārācārī virato methunā gāmadhammā. So kālaṅkato bhagavatā byākato sakadāgāmisatto [sakadāgāmipatto (ka. syā. pī.)] tusitaṃ kāyaṃ upapannoti. Petteyyopi [pettayyo piyo (sī. pī. ka.), pitu piyo (syā. kaṃ.)] me, bhante, isidatto abrahmacārī ahosi sadārasantuṭṭho. Sopi kālaṅkato bhagavatā byākato sakadāgāmipatto tusitaṃ kāyaṃ upapannoti. Kathaṃ kathaṃ nāmāyaṃ, bhante ānanda, bhagavatā dhammo desito aññeyyo, yatra hi nāma brahmacārī ca abrahmacārī ca ubho samasamagatikā bhavissanti abhisamparāya’’nti? ‘‘Evaṃ kho panetaṃ, bhagini, bhagavatā byākata’’nti.
Atha kho āyasmā ānando migasālāya upāsikāya nivesane piṇḍapātaṃ gahetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi. Atha kho āyasmā ānando pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –
‘‘Idhāhaṃ, bhante, pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena migasālāya upāsikāya nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkamiṃ; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdiṃ. Atha kho, bhante, migasālā upāsikā yenāhaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā maṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho, bhante, migasālā upāsikā maṃ etadavoca – ‘kathaṃ kathaṃ nāmāyaṃ, bhante ānanda, bhagavatā dhammo desito aññeyyo, yatra hi nāma brahmacārī ca abrahmacārī ca ubho samasamagatikā bhavissanti abhisamparāyaṃ. Pitā me, bhante, purāṇo brahmacārī ahosi ārācārī virato methunā gāmadhammā. So kālaṅkato bhagavatā byākato sakadāgāmipatto tusitaṃ kāyaṃ upapannoti. Petteyyopi me, bhante, isidatto abrahmacārī ahosi sadārasantuṭṭho. Sopi kālaṅkato bhagavatā byākato sakadāgāmipatto tusitaṃ kāyaṃ upapannoti. Kathaṃ kathaṃ nāmāyaṃ, bhante ānanda, bhagavatā dhammo desito aññeyyo, yatra hi nāma brahmacārī ca abrahmacārī ca ubho samasamagatikā bhavissanti abhisamparāya’nti? Evaṃ vutte ahaṃ, bhante, migasālaṃ upāsikaṃ etadavocaṃ – ‘evaṃ kho panetaṃ, bhagini, bhagavatā byākata’’’nti.
‘‘Kā cānanda, migasālā upāsikā bālā abyattā ammakā ammakasaññā [ambakā ambakapaññā (sī. pī.), ambakā ambakasaññā (syā. kaṃ.) a. ni. 10.75 passitabbaṃ], ke ca purisapuggalaparopariyañāṇe? Chayime, ānanda, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ.
‘‘Katame cha? Idhānanda, ekacco puggalo sorato hoti sukhasaṃvāso, abhinandanti sabrahmacārī ekattavāsena. Tassa savanenapi akataṃ hoti, bāhusaccenapi akataṃ hoti, diṭṭhiyāpi appaṭividdhaṃ hoti, sāmāyikampi vimuttiṃ na labhati. So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā hānāya pareti no visesāya, hānagāmīyeva hoti no visesagāmī.
‘‘Idha panānanda, ekacco puggalo sorato hoti sukhasaṃvāso, abhinandanti sabrahmacārī ekattavāsena. Tassa savanenapi kataṃ hoti, bāhusaccenapi kataṃ hoti, diṭṭhiyāpi paṭividdhaṃ hoti, sāmāyikampi vimuttiṃ labhati. So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā visesāya pareti no hānāya, visesagāmīyeva hoti no hānagāmī.
‘‘Tatrānanda, pamāṇikā pamiṇanti – ‘imassapi teva dhammā aparassapi teva dhammā, kasmā tesaṃ eko hīno eko paṇīto’ti! Tañhi tesaṃ, ānanda, hoti dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya.
‘‘Tatrānanda , yvāyaṃ puggalo sorato hoti sukhasaṃvāso, abhinandanti sabrahmacārī ekattavāsena, tassa savanenapi kataṃ hoti, bāhusaccenapi kataṃ hoti, diṭṭhiyāpi paṭividdhaṃ hoti, sāmāyikampi vimuttiṃ labhati. Ayaṃ , ānanda , puggalo amunā purimena puggalena abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro ca. Taṃ kissa hetu? Imaṃ hānanda, puggalaṃ dhammasoto nibbahati, tadantaraṃ ko jāneyya aññatra tathāgatena! Tasmātihānanda, mā puggalesu pamāṇikā ahuvattha; mā puggalesu pamāṇaṃ gaṇhittha. Khaññati hānanda, puggalesu pamāṇaṃ gaṇhanto. Ahaṃ vā, ānanda, puggalesu pamāṇaṃ gaṇheyyaṃ, yo vā panassa mādiso.
‘‘Idha panānanda, ekaccassa puggalassa kodhamāno adhigato [avigato (ka.)] hoti, samayena samayañcassa lobhadhammā uppajjanti. Tassa savanenapi akataṃ hoti, bāhusaccenapi akataṃ hoti, diṭṭhiyāpi appaṭividdhaṃ hoti, sāmāyikampi vimuttiṃ na labhati. So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā hānāya pareti no visesāya, hānagāmīyeva hoti no visesagāmī.
‘‘Idha panānanda, ekaccassa puggalassa kodhamāno adhigato hoti, samayena samayañcassa lobhadhammā uppajjanti. Tassa savanenapi kataṃ hoti…pe… no hānagāmī.
‘‘Tatrānanda , pamāṇikā pamiṇanti…pe… yo vā panassa mādiso.
‘‘Idha, panānanda, ekaccassa puggalassa kodhamāno adhigato hoti, samayena samayañcassa vacīsaṅkhārā uppajjanti. Tassa savanenapi akataṃ hoti…pe… sāmāyikampi vimuttiṃ na labhati. So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā hānāya pareti no visesāya, hānagāmīyeva hoti no visesagāmī.
‘‘Idha panānanda, ekaccassa puggalassa kodhamāno adhigato hoti, samayena samayañcassa vacīsaṅkhārā uppajjanti. Tassa savanenapi kataṃ hoti, bāhusaccenapi kataṃ hoti, diṭṭhiyāpi paṭividdhaṃ hoti, sāmāyikampi vimuttiṃ labhati. So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā visesāya pareti no hānāya, visesagāmīyeva hoti no hānagāmī.
‘‘Tatrānanda , pamāṇikā pamiṇanti – ‘imassapi teva dhammā, aparassapi teva dhammā. Kasmā tesaṃ eko hīno, eko paṇīto’ti? Tañhi tesaṃ, ānanda, hoti dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya.
‘‘Tatrānanda, yassa puggalassa kodhamāno adhigato hoti, samayena samayañcassa vacīsaṅkhārā uppajjanti, tassa savanenapi kataṃ hoti, bāhusaccenapi kataṃ hoti, diṭṭhiyāpi paṭividdhaṃ hoti, sāmāyikampi vimuttiṃ labhati. Ayaṃ, ānanda, puggalo amunā purimena puggalena abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro ca. Taṃ kissa hetu? Imaṃ hānanda, puggalaṃ dhammasoto nibbahati. Tadantaraṃ ko jāneyya aññatra tathāgatena! Tasmātihānanda, mā puggalesu pamāṇikā ahuvattha; mā puggalesu pamāṇaṃ gaṇhittha. Khaññati hānanda, puggalesu pamāṇaṃ gaṇhanto. Ahaṃ vā, ānanda, puggalesu pamāṇaṃ gaṇheyyaṃ, yo vā panassa mādiso.
‘‘Kā cānanda, migasālā upāsikā bālā abyattā ammakā ammakasaññā, ke ca purisapuggalaparopariyañāṇe! Ime kho, ānanda, cha puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ.
‘‘Yathārūpena, ānanda, sīlena purāṇo samannāgato ahosi, tathārūpena sīlena isidatto samannāgato abhavissa. Nayidha purāṇo isidattassa gatimpi aññassa. Yathārūpāya ca, ānanda, paññāya isidatto samannāgato ahosi, tathārūpāya paññāya purāṇo samannāgato abhavissa. Nayidha isidatto purāṇassa gatimpi aññassa. Iti kho, ānanda, ime puggalā ubho ekaṅgahīnā’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.
3. Iṇasuttaṃ
45. ‘‘Dāliddiyaṃ [dāḷiddiyaṃ (sī.)], bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ lokasmiṃ kāmabhogino’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Yampi, bhikkhave, daliddo [daḷiddo (sī.)] assako anāḷhiko [anaddhiko (syā. kaṃ.)] iṇaṃ ādiyati, iṇādānampi, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ lokasmiṃ kāmabhogino’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Yampi, bhikkhave, daliddo assako anāḷhiko iṇaṃ ādiyitvā vaḍḍhiṃ paṭissuṇāti, vaḍḍhipi, bhikkhave, dukkhā lokasmiṃ kāmabhogino’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Yampi, bhikkhave, daliddo assako anāḷhiko vaḍḍhiṃ paṭissuṇitvā kālābhataṃ [kālagataṃ (ka.)] vaḍḍhiṃ na deti, codentipi naṃ; codanāpi, bhikkhave, dukkhā lokasmiṃ kāmabhogino’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Yampi, bhikkhave, daliddo assako anāḷhiko codiyamāno na deti, anucarantipi naṃ; anucariyāpi, bhikkhave, dukkhā lokasmiṃ kāmabhogino’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Yampi, bhikkhave, daliddo assako anāḷhiko anucariyamāno na deti, bandhantipi naṃ; bandhanampi, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ lokasmiṃ kāmabhogino’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’.
‘‘Iti kho, bhikkhave, dāliddiyampi dukkhaṃ lokasmiṃ kāmabhogino, iṇādānampi dukkhaṃ lokasmiṃ kāmabhogino, vaḍḍhipi dukkhā lokasmiṃ kāmabhogino, codanāpi dukkhā lokasmiṃ kāmabhogino, anucariyāpi dukkhā lokasmiṃ kāmabhogino, bandhanampi dukkhaṃ lokasmiṃ kāmabhogino; evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave , yassa kassaci saddhā natthi kusalesu dhammesu, hirī natthi kusalesu dhammesu, ottappaṃ natthi kusalesu dhammesu, vīriyaṃ natthi kusalesu dhammesu, paññā natthi kusalesu dhammesu – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, ariyassa vinaye daliddo assako anāḷhiko.
‘‘Sa kho so, bhikkhave, daliddo assako anāḷhiko saddhāya asati kusalesu dhammesu, hiriyā asati kusalesu dhammesu, ottappe asati kusalesu dhammesu, vīriye asati kusalesu dhammesu, paññāya asati kusalesu dhammesu, kāyena duccaritaṃ carati, vācāya duccaritaṃ carati, manasā duccaritaṃ carati. Idamassa iṇādānasmiṃ vadāmi.
‘‘So tassa kāyaduccaritassa paṭicchādanahetu pāpikaṃ icchaṃ paṇidahati [padahati (ka.)]. ‘Mā maṃ jaññū’ti icchati, ‘mā maṃ jaññū’ti saṅkappati , ‘mā maṃ jaññū’ti vācaṃ bhāsati, ‘mā maṃ jaññū’ti kāyena parakkamati. So tassa vacīduccaritassa paṭicchādanahetu…pe… so tassa manoduccaritassa paṭicchādanahetu…pe… ‘mā maṃ jaññū’ti kāyena parakkamati. Idamassa vaḍḍhiyā vadāmi.
‘‘Tamenaṃ pesalā sabrahmacārī evamāhaṃsu – ‘ayañca so āyasmā evaṃkārī evaṃsamācāro’ti. Idamassa codanāya vadāmi.
‘‘Tamenaṃ araññagataṃ vā rukkhamūlagataṃ vā suññāgāragataṃ vā vippaṭisārasahagatā pāpakā akusalavitakkā samudācaranti. Idamassa anucariyāya vadāmi.
‘‘Sa kho so, bhikkhave, daliddo assako anāḷhiko kāyena duccaritaṃ caritvā vācāya duccaritaṃ caritvā manasā duccaritaṃ caritvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā nirayabandhane vā bajjhati tiracchānayonibandhane vā. Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekabandhanampi samanupassāmi evaṃdāruṇaṃ evaṃkaṭukaṃ [evaṃdukkhaṃ (syā. kaṃ. ka.)] evaṃantarāyakaraṃ anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāya, yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave, nirayabandhanaṃ vā tiracchānayonibandhanaṃ vā’’ti.
‘‘Dāliddiyaṃ dukkhaṃ loke, iṇādānañca vuccati;
Daliddo iṇamādāya, bhuñjamāno vihaññati.
‘‘Tato anucaranti naṃ, bandhanampi nigacchati;
Etañhi bandhanaṃ dukkhaṃ, kāmalābhābhijappinaṃ.
‘‘Tatheva ariyavinaye, saddhā yassa na vijjati;
Ahirīko anottappī, pāpakammavinibbayo.
‘‘Kāyaduccaritaṃ katvā, vacīduccaritāni ca;
Manoduccaritaṃ katvā, ‘mā maṃ jaññū’ti icchati.
‘‘So saṃsappati [saṅkappati (ka.)] kāyena, vācāya uda cetasā;
Pāpakammaṃ pavaḍḍhento, tattha tattha punappunaṃ.
‘‘So pāpakammo dummedho, jānaṃ dukkaṭamattano;
Daliddo iṇamādāya, bhuñjamāno vihaññati.
‘‘Tato anucaranti naṃ, saṅkappā mānasā dukhā;
Gāme vā yadi vāraññe, yassa vippaṭisārajā.
‘‘So pāpakammo dummedho, jānaṃ dukkaṭamattano;
Yonimaññataraṃ gantvā, niraye vāpi bajjhati.
‘‘Etañhi bandhanaṃ dukkhaṃ, yamhā dhīro pamuccati;
Dhammaladdhehi bhogehi, dadaṃ cittaṃ pasādayaṃ.
‘‘Ubhayattha kaṭaggāho, saddhassa gharamesino;
Diṭṭhadhammahitatthāya, samparāyasukhāya ca;
Evametaṃ gahaṭṭhānaṃ, cāgo puññaṃ pavaḍḍhati.
‘‘Tatheva ariyavinaye, saddhā yassa patiṭṭhitā;
Hirīmano ca ottappī, paññavā sīlasaṃvuto.
‘‘Eso kho ariyavinaye, ‘sukhajīvī’ti vuccati;
Nirāmisaṃ sukhaṃ laddhā, upekkhaṃ adhitiṭṭhati.
‘‘Pañca nīvaraṇe hitvā, niccaṃ āraddhavīriyo;
Jhānāni upasampajja, ekodi nipako sato.
‘‘Evaṃ ñatvā yathābhūtaṃ, sabbasaṃyojanakkhaye;
Sabbaso anupādāya, sammā cittaṃ vimuccati.
‘‘Tassa sammā vimuttassa, ñāṇaṃ ce hoti tādino;
‘Akuppā me vimuttī’ti, bhavasaṃyojanakkhaye.
‘‘Etaṃ kho paramaṃ ñāṇaṃ, etaṃ sukhamanuttaraṃ;
Asokaṃ virajaṃ khemaṃ, etaṃ ānaṇyamuttama’’nti. tatiyaṃ;
4. Mahācundasuttaṃ
46. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā mahācundo cetīsu viharati sayaṃjātiyaṃ [sahajātiyaṃ (sī. pī.), sañjātiyaṃ (syā. kaṃ.)]. Tatra kho āyasmā mahācundo bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘āvuso bhikkhave’’ti. ‘‘Āvuso’’ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato mahācundassa paccassosuṃ. Āyasmā mahācundo etadavoca –
‘‘Idhāvuso, dhammayogā bhikkhū jhāyī bhikkhū apasādenti – ‘ime pana jhāyinomhā, jhāyinomhāti jhāyanti pajjhāyanti nijjhāyanti avajjhāyanti [apajjhāyanti (ma. ni. 1.508)]. Kimime [kiṃ hime (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] jhāyanti, kintime jhāyanti, kathaṃ ime jhāyantī’ti? Tattha dhammayogā ca bhikkhū nappasīdanti, jhāyī ca bhikkhū nappasīdanti, na ca bahujanahitāya paṭipannā honti bahujanasukhāya bahuno janassa atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ.
‘‘Idha panāvuso, jhāyī bhikkhū dhammayoge bhikkhū apasādenti – ‘ime pana dhammayogamhā, dhammayogamhāti uddhatā unnaḷā capalā mukharā vikiṇṇavācā muṭṭhassatī asampajānā asamāhitā vibbhantacittā pākatindriyā. Kimime dhammayogā, kintime dhammayogā, kathaṃ ime dhammayogā’ti? Tattha jhāyī ca bhikkhū nappasīdanti, dhammayogā ca bhikkhū nappasīdanti, na ca bahujanahitāya paṭipannā honti bahujanasukhāya bahuno janassa atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ.
‘‘Idha panāvuso, dhammayogā bhikkhū dhammayogānaññeva bhikkhūnaṃ vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti, no jhāyīnaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti. Tattha dhammayogā ca bhikkhū nappasīdanti, jhāyī ca bhikkhū nappasīdanti, na ca bahujanahitāya paṭipannā honti bahujanasukhāya bahuno janassa atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ.
‘‘Idha panāvuso, jhāyī bhikkhū jhāyīnaññeva bhikkhūnaṃ vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti, no dhammayogānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti. Tattha jhāyī ca bhikkhū nappasīdanti, dhammayogā ca bhikkhū nappasīdanti, na ca bahujanahitāya paṭipannā honti bahujanasukhāya bahuno janassa atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ.
‘‘Tasmātihāvuso , evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘dhammayogā samānā jhāyīnaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ vaṇṇaṃ bhāsissāmā’ti. Evañhi vo, āvuso, sikkhitabbaṃ. Taṃ kissa hetu? Acchariyā hete, āvuso, puggalā dullabhā lokasmiṃ, ye amataṃ dhātuṃ kāyena phusitvā viharanti. Tasmātihāvuso, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘jhāyī samānā dhammayogānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ vaṇṇaṃ bhāsissāmā’ti. Evañhi vo, āvuso, sikkhitabbaṃ. Taṃ kissa hetu? Acchariyā hete, āvuso, puggalā dullabhā lokasmiṃ ye gambhīraṃ atthapadaṃ paññāya ativijjha passantī’’ti. Catutthaṃ.
5. Paṭhamasandiṭṭhikasuttaṃ
47. Atha kho moḷiyasīvako [moliyasīvako (sī. pī.), moḷisīvako (ka.)] paribbājako yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho moḷiyasīvako paribbājako bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘‘sandiṭṭhiko dhammo, sandiṭṭhiko dhammo’ti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, sandiṭṭhiko dhammo hoti akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī’’ti?
‘‘Tena hi, sīvaka, taññevettha paṭipucchāmi. Yathā te khameyya tathā naṃ byākareyyāsi. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, sīvaka, santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ lobhaṃ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ lobho’ti pajānāsi, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ lobhaṃ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṃ lobho’ti pajānāsī’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Yaṃ kho tvaṃ, sīvaka, santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ lobhaṃ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ lobho’ti pajānāsi, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ lobhaṃ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṃ lobho’ti pajānāsi – evampi kho, sīvaka, sandiṭṭhiko dhammo hoti…pe….
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, sīvaka, santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ dosaṃ…pe… santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ mohaṃ…pe… santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ lobhadhammaṃ…pe… santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ dosadhammaṃ…pe… santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ mohadhammaṃ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ mohadhammo’ti pajānāsi, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ mohadhammaṃ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṃ mohadhammo’ti pajānāsī’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Yaṃ kho tvaṃ, sīvaka, santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ mohadhammaṃ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ mohadhammo’ti pajānāsi, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ mohadhammaṃ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṃ mohadhammo’ti pajānāsi – evaṃ kho, sīvaka, sandiṭṭhiko dhammo hoti akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī’’ti.
‘‘Abhikkantaṃ, bhante, abhikkantaṃ, bhante…pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ, bhante, bhagavā dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti. Pañcamaṃ.
6. Dutiyasandiṭṭhikasuttaṃ
48. Atha kho aññataro brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘‘sandiṭṭhiko dhammo, sandiṭṭhiko dhammo’ti, bho gotama, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bho gotama, sandiṭṭhiko dhammo hoti akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī’’ti?
‘‘Tena hi, brāhmaṇa, taññevettha paṭipucchissāmi. Yathā te khameyya tathā naṃ byākareyyāsi. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, brāhmaṇa, santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ rāgaṃ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ rāgo’ti pajānāsi, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ rāgaṃ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṃ rāgo’ti pajānāsī’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bho’’. ‘‘Yaṃ kho tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ rāgaṃ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ rāgo’ti pajānāsi, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ rāgaṃ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṃ rāgo’ti pajānāsi – evampi kho, brāhmaṇa, sandiṭṭhiko dhammo hoti…pe….
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, brāhmaṇa, santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ dosaṃ…pe… santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ mohaṃ…pe… santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ kāyasandosaṃ…pe… santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ vacīsandosaṃ…pe… santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ manosandosaṃ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ manosandoso’ti pajānāsi, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ manosandosaṃ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṃ manosandoso’ti pajānāsī’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bho’’. ‘‘Yaṃ kho tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ manosandosaṃ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ manosandoso’ti pajānāsi, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ manosandosaṃ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṃ manosandoso’ti pajānāsi – evaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, sandiṭṭhiko dhammo hoti akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī’’ti.
‘‘Abhikkantaṃ , bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama…pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
7. Khemasuttaṃ
49. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā ca khemo āyasmā ca sumano sāvatthiyaṃ viharanti andhavanasmiṃ. Atha kho āyasmā ca khemo āyasmā ca sumano yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā khemo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –
‘‘Yo so, bhante, bhikkhu arahaṃ khīṇāsavo vusitavā katakaraṇīyo ohitabhāro anuppattasadattho parikkhīṇabhavasaṃyojano sammadaññā vimutto tassa na evaṃ hoti – ‘atthi me seyyoti vā atthi me sadisoti vā atthi me hīnoti vā’’’ti. Idamavocāyasmā khemo. Samanuñño satthā ahosi. Atha kho āyasmā khemo ‘‘samanuñño me satthā’’ti uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi.
Atha kho āyasmā sumano acirapakkante āyasmante kheme bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘yo so, bhante, bhikkhu arahaṃ khīṇāsavo vusitavā katakaraṇīyo ohitabhāro anuppattasadattho parikkhīṇabhavasaṃyojano sammadaññā vimutto tassa na evaṃ hoti – ‘natthi me seyyoti vā natthi me sadisoti vā natthi me hīnoti vā’’’ti. Idamavocāyasmā sumano. Samanuñño satthā ahosi. Atha kho āyasmā sumano ‘‘samanuñño me satthā’’ti uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi.
Atha kho bhagavā acirapakkantesu āyasmante ca kheme āyasmante ca sumane bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, kulaputtā aññaṃ byākaronti . Attho ca vutto attā ca anupanīto. Atha ca pana idhekacce moghapurisā hasamānakā [hasamānakaṃ (ka.) mahāva. 245] maññe aññaṃ byākaronti. Te pacchā vighātaṃ āpajjantī’’ti.
‘‘Na ussesu na omesu, samatte nopanīyare [nopaniyyare (syā. pī. ka.)];
Khīṇā jāti vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, caranti saṃyojanavippamuttā’’ti. sattamaṃ;
8. Indriyasaṃvarasuttaṃ
50.[a. ni. 5.24, 168; 2.7.65] ‘‘Indriyasaṃvare , bhikkhave, asati indriyasaṃvaravipannassa hatūpanisaṃ hoti sīlaṃ; sīle asati sīlavipannassa hatūpaniso hoti sammāsamādhi; sammāsamādhimhi asati sammāsamādhivipannassa hatūpanisaṃ hoti yathābhūtañāṇadassanaṃ; yathābhūtañāṇadassane asati yathābhūtañāṇadassanavipannassa hatūpaniso hoti nibbidāvirāgo; nibbidāvirāge asati nibbidāvirāgavipannassa hatūpanisaṃ hoti vimuttiñāṇadassanaṃ. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, rukkho sākhāpalāsavipanno. Tassa papaṭikāpi na pāripūriṃ gacchati, tacopi na pāripūriṃ gacchati, pheggupi na pāripūriṃ gacchati, sāropi na pāripūriṃ gacchati. Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, indriyasaṃvare asati indriyasaṃvaravipannassa hatūpanisaṃ hoti sīlaṃ…pe… vimuttiñāṇadassanaṃ.
‘‘Indriyasaṃvare , bhikkhave, sati indriyasaṃvarasampannassa upanisasampannaṃ hoti sīlaṃ; sīle sati sīlasampannassa upanisasampanno hoti sammāsamādhi; sammāsamādhimhi sati sammāsamādhisampannassa upanisasampannaṃ hoti yathābhūtañāṇadassanaṃ; yathābhūtañāṇadassane sati yathābhūtañāṇadassanasampannassa upanisasampanno hoti nibbidāvirāgo; nibbidāvirāge sati nibbidāvirāgasampannassa upanisasampannaṃ hoti vimuttiñāṇadassanaṃ. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, rukkho sākhāpalāsasampanno. Tassa papaṭikāpi pāripūriṃ gacchati, tacopi pāripūriṃ gacchati, pheggupi pāripūriṃ gacchati, sāropi pāripūriṃ gacchati . Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, indriyasaṃvare sati indriyasaṃvarasampannassa upanisasampannaṃ hoti sīlaṃ…pe… vimuttiñāṇadassana’’nti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
9. Ānandasuttaṃ
51. Atha kho āyasmā ānando yenāyasmā sāriputto tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā sāriputtena saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ etadavoca –
‘‘Kittāvatā nu kho, āvuso sāriputta, bhikkhu assutañceva dhammaṃ suṇāti, sutā cassa dhammā na sammosaṃ gacchanti, ye cassa dhammā pubbe cetasā samphuṭṭhapubbā te ca samudācaranti, aviññātañca vijānātī’’ti? ‘‘Āyasmā kho ānando bahussuto. Paṭibhātu āyasmantaṃyeva ānanda’’nti. ‘‘Tenahāvuso sāriputta, suṇāhi, sādhukaṃ manasi karohi; bhāsissāmī’’ti . ‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti kho āyasmā sāriputto āyasmato ānandassa paccassosi. Āyasmā ānando etadavoca –
‘‘Idhāvuso sāriputta, bhikkhu dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇāti – suttaṃ geyyaṃ veyyākaraṇaṃ gāthaṃ udānaṃ itivuttakaṃ jātakaṃ abbhutadhammaṃ vedallaṃ. So yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena paresaṃ deseti, yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena paresaṃ vāceti, yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena sajjhāyaṃ karoti, yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ cetasā anuvitakketi anuvicāreti manasānupekkhati. Yasmiṃ āvāse therā bhikkhū viharanti bahussutā āgatāgamā dhammadharā vinayadharā mātikādharā tasmiṃ āvāse vassaṃ upeti. Te kālena kālaṃ upasaṅkamitvā paripucchati paripañhati – ‘idaṃ, bhante, kathaṃ; imassa kvattho’ti? Te tassa āyasmato avivaṭañceva vivaranti, anuttānīkatañca uttānīkaronti, anekavihitesu ca kaṅkhāṭhāniyesu dhammesu kaṅkhaṃ paṭivinodenti. Ettāvatā kho, āvuso sāriputta, bhikkhu assutañceva dhammaṃ suṇāti, sutā cassa dhammā na sammosaṃ gacchanti, ye cassa dhammā pubbe cetasā samphuṭṭhapubbā te ca samudācaranti, aviññātañca vijānātī’’ti.
‘‘Acchariyaṃ , āvuso, abbhutaṃ, āvuso, yāva subhāsitaṃ cidaṃ āyasmatā ānandena. Imehi ca mayaṃ chahi dhammehi samannāgataṃ āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ dhārema. Āyasmā hi ānando dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇāti – suttaṃ geyyaṃ veyyākaraṇaṃ gāthaṃ udānaṃ itivuttakaṃ jātakaṃ abbhutadhammaṃ vedallaṃ . Āyasmā ānando yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena paresaṃ deseti, āyasmā ānando yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena paresaṃ vāceti, āyasmā ānando yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena sajjhāyaṃ karoti, āyasmā ānando yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ cetasā anuvitakketi anuvicāreti manasānupekkhati. Āyasmā ānando yasmiṃ āvāse therā bhikkhū viharanti bahussutā āgatāgamā dhammadharā vinayadharā mātikādharā tasmiṃ āvāse vassaṃ upeti. Te āyasmā ānando kālena kālaṃ upasaṅkamitvā paripucchati paripañhati – ‘idaṃ, bhante, kathaṃ; imassa kvattho’ti? Te āyasmato ānandassa avivaṭañceva vivaranti, anuttānīkatañca uttānīkaronti, anekavihitesu ca kaṅkhāṭhāniyesu dhammesu kaṅkhaṃ paṭivinodentī’’ti. Navamaṃ.
10. Khattiyasuttaṃ
52. Atha kho jāṇussoṇi [jāṇusoṇi (ka.)] brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho jāṇussoṇi brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –
‘‘Khattiyā , bho gotama, kiṃadhippāyā, kiṃupavicārā, kiṃadhiṭṭhānā, kiṃabhinivesā, kiṃpariyosānā’’ti? ‘‘Khattiyā kho, brāhmaṇa, bhogādhippāyā paññūpavicārā balādhiṭṭhānā pathavībhinivesā issariyapariyosānā’’ti.
‘‘Brāhmaṇā pana, bho gotama, kiṃadhippāyā, kiṃupavicārā, kiṃadhiṭṭhānā, kiṃabhinivesā, kiṃpariyosānā’’ti? ‘‘Brāhmaṇā kho, brāhmaṇa, bhogādhippāyā paññūpavicārā mantādhiṭṭhānā yaññābhinivesā brahmalokapariyosānā’’ti.
‘‘Gahapatikā pana, bho gotama, kiṃadhippāyā, kiṃupavicārā, kiṃadhiṭṭhānā, kiṃabhinivesā, kiṃpariyosānā’’ti? ‘‘Gahapatikā kho, brāhmaṇa, bhogādhippāyā paññūpavicārā sippādhiṭṭhānā kammantābhinivesā niṭṭhitakammantapariyosānā’’ti.
‘‘Itthī pana, bho gotama, kiṃadhippāyā, kiṃupavicārā, kiṃadhiṭṭhānā, kiṃabhinivesā, kiṃpariyosānā’’ti? ‘‘Itthī kho, brāhmaṇa, purisādhippāyā alaṅkārūpavicārā puttādhiṭṭhānā asapatībhinivesā issariyapariyosānā’’ti.
‘‘Corā pana, bho gotama, kiṃadhippāyā, kiṃupavicārā, kiṃadhiṭṭhānā, kiṃabhinivesā, kiṃpariyosānā’’ti? ‘‘Corā kho, brāhmaṇa, ādānādhippāyā gahanūpavicārā satthādhiṭṭhānā andhakārābhinivesā adassanapariyosānā’’ti.
‘‘Samaṇā pana, bho gotama, kiṃadhippāyā, kiṃupavicārā, kiṃadhiṭṭhānā, kiṃabhinivesā, kiṃpariyosānā’’ti? ‘‘Samaṇā kho, brāhmaṇa, khantisoraccādhippāyā paññūpavicārā sīlādhiṭṭhānā ākiñcaññābhinivesā [akiñcanābhinivesā (syā. ka.)] nibbānapariyosānā’’ti.
‘‘Acchariyaṃ, bho gotama, abbhutaṃ, bho gotama! Khattiyānampi bhavaṃ gotamo jānāti adhippāyañca upavicārañca adhiṭṭhānañca abhinivesañca pariyosānañca. Brāhmaṇānampi bhavaṃ gotamo jānāti…pe… gahapatīnampi bhavaṃ gotamo jānāti… itthīnampi bhavaṃ gotamo jānāti… corānampi bhavaṃ gotamo jānāti … samaṇānampi bhavaṃ gotamo jānāti adhippāyañca upavicārañca adhiṭṭhānañca abhinivesañca pariyosānañca. Abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama…pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti. Dasamaṃ.
11. Appamādasuttaṃ
53. Atha kho aññataro brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –
‘‘Atthi nu kho, bho gotama, eko dhammo bhāvito bahulīkato yo ubho atthe samadhiggayha tiṭṭhati – diṭṭhadhammikañceva atthaṃ, yo ca attho samparāyiko’’ti? ‘‘Atthi kho, brāhmaṇa , eko dhammo bhāvito bahulīkato yo ubho atthe samadhiggayha tiṭṭhati – diṭṭhadhammikañceva atthaṃ, yo ca attho samparāyiko’’ti.
‘‘Katamo pana, bho gotama, eko dhammo bhāvito bahulīkato yo ubho atthe samadhiggayha tiṭṭhati – diṭṭhadhammikañceva atthaṃ, yo ca attho samparāyiko’’ti? ‘‘Appamādo kho, brāhmaṇa, eko dhammo bhāvito bahulīkato ubho atthe samadhiggayha tiṭṭhati – diṭṭhadhammikañceva atthaṃ, yo ca attho samparāyiko’’.
‘‘Seyyathāpi, brāhmaṇa, yāni kānici jaṅgalānaṃ [jaṅgamānaṃ (sī. pī.) a. ni. 10.15; ma. ni. 1.300] pāṇānaṃ padajātāni, sabbāni tāni hatthipade samodhānaṃ gacchanti; hatthipadaṃ tesaṃ aggamakkhāyati, yadidaṃ mahantattena. Evamevaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, appamādo eko dhammo bhāvito bahulīkato ubho atthe samadhiggayha tiṭṭhati – diṭṭhadhammikañceva atthaṃ, yo ca attho samparāyiko.
‘‘Seyyathāpi, brāhmaṇa, kūṭāgārassa yā kāci gopānasiyo sabbā tā kūṭaṅgamā kūṭaninnā kūṭasamosaraṇā, kūṭaṃ tāsaṃ aggamakkhāyati; evamevaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa …pe….
‘‘Seyyathāpi, brāhmaṇa, pabbajalāyako pabbajaṃ [babbajalāyako babbajaṃ (sī. pī.)] lāyitvā agge gahetvā odhunāti nidhunāti nicchādeti; evamevaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa…pe….
‘‘Seyyathāpi, brāhmaṇa, ambapiṇḍiyā vaṇṭacchinnāya yāni kānici ambāni vaṇṭūpanibandhanāni sabbāni tāni tadanvayāni bhavanti; evamevaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa…pe….
‘‘Seyyathāpi, brāhmaṇa, ye keci khuddarājāno [kuḍḍarājāno (sī. syā. aṭṭha.), kuddarājāno (pī.) a. ni. 10.15] sabbete rañño cakkavattissa anuyantā [anuyuttā (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] bhavanti, rājā tesaṃ cakkavattī aggamakkhāyati; evamevaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa…pe….
‘‘Seyyathāpi , brāhmaṇa, yā kāci tārakarūpānaṃ pabhā sabbā tā candassa pabhāya kalaṃ nāgghanti soḷasiṃ, candappabhā tāsaṃ aggamakkhāyati. Evamevaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, appamādo eko dhammo bhāvito bahulīkato ubho atthe samadhiggayha tiṭṭhati – diṭṭhadhammikañceva atthaṃ yo ca attho samparāyiko.
‘‘Ayaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, eko dhammo bhāvito bahulīkato ubho atthe samadhiggayha tiṭṭhati – diṭṭhadhammikañceva atthaṃ, yo ca attho samparāyiko’’ti.
‘‘Abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama…pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti. Ekādasamaṃ.
12. Dhammikasuttaṃ
54. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati gijjhakūṭe pabbate. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā dhammiko jātibhūmiyaṃ āvāsiko hoti sabbaso jātibhūmiyaṃ sattasu āvāsesu. Tatra sudaṃ āyasmā dhammiko āgantuke bhikkhū akkosati paribhāsati vihiṃsati vitudati roseti vācāya. Te ca āgantukā bhikkhū āyasmatā dhammikena akkosiyamānā paribhāsiyamānā vihesiyamānā vitudiyamānā rosiyamānā vācāya pakkamanti, na saṇṭhanti [na saṇṭhahanti (sī.)], riñcanti āvāsaṃ.
Atha kho jātibhūmakānaṃ [jātibhūmikānaṃ (syā. pī. ka.)] upāsakānaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘mayaṃ kho bhikkhusaṅghaṃ paccupaṭṭhitā cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārena. Atha ca pana āgantukā bhikkhū pakkamanti, na saṇṭhanti, riñcanti āvāsaṃ. Ko nu kho hetu ko paccayo yena āgantukā bhikkhū pakkamanti, na saṇṭhanti, riñcanti āvāsa’’nti? Atha kho jātibhūmakānaṃ upāsakānaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘ayaṃ kho āyasmā dhammiko āgantuke bhikkhū akkosati paribhāsati vihiṃsati vitudati roseti vācāya. Te ca āgantukā bhikkhū āyasmatā dhammikena akkosiyamānā paribhāsiyamānā vihesiyamānā vitudiyamānā rosiyamānā vācāya pakkamanti , na saṇṭhanti, riñcanti āvāsaṃ. Yaṃnūna mayaṃ āyasmantaṃ dhammikaṃ pabbājeyyāmā’’ti.
Atha kho jātibhūmakā upāsakā yena āyasmā dhammiko tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ dhammikaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘pakkamatu, bhante, āyasmā dhammiko imamhā āvāsā; alaṃ te idha vāsenā’’ti. Atha kho āyasmā dhammiko tamhā āvāsā aññaṃ āvāsaṃ agamāsi. Tatrapi sudaṃ āyasmā dhammiko āgantuke bhikkhū akkosati paribhāsati vihiṃsati vitudati roseti vācāya. Te ca āgantukā bhikkhū āyasmatā dhammikena akkosiyamānā paribhāsiyamānā vihesiyamānā vitudiyamānā rosiyamānā vācāya pakkamanti, na saṇṭhanti, riñcanti āvāsaṃ.
Atha kho jātibhūmakānaṃ upāsakānaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘mayaṃ kho bhikkhusaṅghaṃ paccupaṭṭhitā cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārena. Atha ca pana āgantukā bhikkhū pakkamanti, na saṇṭhanti, riñcanti āvāsaṃ. Ko nu kho hetu ko paccayo yena āgantukā bhikkhū pakkamanti, na saṇṭhanti, riñcanti āvāsa’’nti? Atha kho jātibhūmakānaṃ upāsakānaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘ayaṃ kho āyasmā dhammiko āgantuke bhikkhū akkosati paribhāsati vihiṃsati vitudati roseti vācāya. Te ca āgantukā bhikkhū āyasmatā dhammikena akkosiyamānā paribhāsiyamānā vihesiyamānā vitudiyamānā rosiyamānā vācāya pakkamanti, na saṇṭhanti, riñcanti āvāsaṃ. Yaṃnūna mayaṃ āyasmantaṃ dhammikaṃ pabbājeyyāmā’’ti.
Atha kho jātibhūmakā upāsakā yenāyasmā dhammiko tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ dhammikaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘pakkamatu, bhante, āyasmā dhammiko imamhāpi āvāsā; alaṃ te idha vāsenā’’ti. Atha kho āyasmā dhammiko tamhāpi āvāsā aññaṃ āvāsaṃ agamāsi . Tatrapi sudaṃ āyasmā dhammiko āgantuke bhikkhū akkosati paribhāsati vihiṃsati vitudati roseti vācāya. Te ca āgantukā bhikkhū āyasmatā dhammikena akkosiyamānā paribhāsiyamānā vihesiyamānā vitudiyamānā rosiyamānā vācāya pakkamanti, na saṇṭhanti, riñcanti āvāsaṃ.
Atha kho jātibhūmakānaṃ upāsakānaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘mayaṃ kho bhikkhusaṅghaṃ paccupaṭṭhitā cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārena. Atha ca pana āgantukā bhikkhū pakkamanti , na saṇṭhanti, riñcanti āvāsaṃ. Ko nu kho hetu ko paccayo yena āgantukā bhikkhū pakkamanti, na saṇṭhanti, riñcanti āvāsa’’nti? Atha kho jātibhūmakānaṃ upāsakānaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘ayaṃ kho āyasmā dhammiko āgantuke bhikkhū akkosati…pe… . Yaṃnūna mayaṃ āyasmantaṃ dhammikaṃ pabbājeyyāma sabbaso jātibhūmiyaṃ sattahi āvāsehī’’ti. Atha kho jātibhūmakā upāsakā yenāyasmā dhammiko tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ dhammikaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘pakkamatu, bhante, āyasmā dhammiko sabbaso jātibhūmiyaṃ sattahi āvāsehī’’ti. Atha kho āyasmato dhammikassa etadahosi – ‘‘pabbājito khomhi jātibhūmakehi upāsakehi sabbaso jātibhūmiyaṃ sattahi āvāsehi. Kahaṃ nu kho dāni gacchāmī’’ti? Atha kho āyasmato dhammikassa etadahosi – ‘‘yaṃnūnāhaṃ yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkameyya’’nti.
Atha kho āyasmā dhammiko pattacīvaramādāya yena rājagahaṃ tena pakkāmi. Anupubbena yena rājagahaṃ gijjhakūṭo pabbato yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ dhammikaṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘handa kuto nu tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa dhammika, āgacchasī’’ti? ‘‘Pabbājito ahaṃ, bhante, jātibhūmakehi upāsakehi sabbaso jātibhūmiyaṃ sattahi āvāsehī’’ti. ‘‘Alaṃ, brāhmaṇa dhammika, kiṃ te iminā, yaṃ taṃ tato tato pabbājenti, so tvaṃ tato tato pabbājito mameva santike āgacchasi’’.
‘‘Bhūtapubbaṃ, brāhmaṇa dhammika, sāmuddikā vāṇijā tīradassiṃ sakuṇaṃ gahetvā nāvāya samuddaṃ ajjhogāhanti. Te atīradakkhiṇiyā [atīradassaniyā (syā.), atīradassiyā (ka.)] nāvāya tīradassiṃ sakuṇaṃ muñcanti. So gacchateva puratthimaṃ disaṃ, gacchati pacchimaṃ disaṃ, gacchati uttaraṃ disaṃ, gacchati dakkhiṇaṃ disaṃ, gacchati uddhaṃ, gacchati anudisaṃ. Sace so samantā tīraṃ passati, tathāgatakova [tathāgato (ka.) dī. ni. 1.497 passitabbaṃ] hoti. Sace pana so samantā tīraṃ na passati tameva nāvaṃ paccāgacchati. Evamevaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa dhammika, yaṃ taṃ tato tato pabbājenti so tvaṃ tato tato pabbājito mameva santike āgacchasi.
‘‘Bhūtapubbaṃ , brāhmaṇa dhammika, rañño korabyassa suppatiṭṭho nāma nigrodharājā ahosi pañcasākho sītacchāyo manoramo. Suppatiṭṭhassa kho pana, brāhmaṇa dhammika, nigrodharājassa dvādasayojanāni abhiniveso ahosi, pañca yojanāni mūlasantānakānaṃ. Suppatiṭṭhassa kho pana , brāhmaṇa dhammika, nigrodharājassa tāva mahantāni phalāni ahesuṃ; seyyathāpi nāma āḷhakathālikā. Evamassa sādūni phalāni ahesuṃ; seyyathāpi nāma khuddaṃ madhuṃ anelakaṃ. Suppatiṭṭhassa kho pana, brāhmaṇa dhammika, nigrodharājassa ekaṃ khandhaṃ rājā paribhuñjati saddhiṃ itthāgārena, ekaṃ khandhaṃ balakāyo paribhuñjati, ekaṃ khandhaṃ negamajānapadā paribhuñjanti, ekaṃ khandhaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇā paribhuñjanti, ekaṃ khandhaṃ migā [migapakkhino (sī. syā. pī.)] paribhuñjanti. Suppatiṭṭhassa kho pana, brāhmaṇa dhammika, nigrodharājassa na koci phalāni rakkhati, na ca sudaṃ [na ca puna (ka.)] aññamaññassa phalāni hiṃsanti.
‘‘Atha kho, brāhmaṇa dhammika, aññataro puriso suppatiṭṭhassa nigrodharājassa yāvadatthaṃ phalāni bhakkhitvā sākhaṃ bhañjitvā pakkāmi. Atha kho, brāhmaṇa dhammika, suppatiṭṭhe nigrodharāje adhivatthāya devatāya etadahosi – ‘acchariyaṃ vata, bho, abbhutaṃ vata, bho! Yāva pāpo manusso [yāva pāpamanusso (syā.), yāvatā pāpamanusso (ka.)], yatra hi nāma suppatiṭṭhassa nigrodharājassa yāvadatthaṃ phalāni bhakkhitvā sākhaṃ bhañjitvā pakkamissati, yaṃnūna suppatiṭṭho nigrodharājā āyatiṃ phalaṃ na dadeyyā’ti. Atha kho, brāhmaṇa dhammika, suppatiṭṭho nigrodharājā āyatiṃ phalaṃ na adāsi.
‘‘Atha kho, brāhmaṇa dhammika, rājā korabyo yena sakko devānamindo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ etadavoca – ‘yagghe, mārisa, jāneyyāsi suppatiṭṭho nigrodharājā phalaṃ na detī’ti? Atha kho, brāhmaṇa dhammika, sakko devānamindo tathārūpaṃ iddhābhisaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkhāsi [abhisaṅkhāresi (syā. ka.)], yathā bhusā vātavuṭṭhi āgantvā suppatiṭṭhaṃ nigrodharājaṃ pavattesi [pātesi (sī. pī.)] ummūlamakāsi. Atha kho, brāhmaṇa dhammika, suppatiṭṭhe nigrodharāje adhivatthā devatā dukkhī dummanā assumukhī rudamānā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi.
‘‘Atha kho, brāhmaṇa dhammika, sakko devānamindo yena suppatiṭṭhe nigrodharāje adhivatthā devatā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā suppatiṭṭhe nigrodharāje adhivatthaṃ devataṃ etadavoca – ‘kiṃ nu tvaṃ, devate, dukkhī dummanā assumukhī rudamānā ekamantaṃ ṭhitā’ti? ‘Tathā hi pana me, mārisa, bhusā vātavuṭṭhi āgantvā bhavanaṃ pavattesi ummūlamakāsī’ti. ‘Api nu tvaṃ, devate, rukkhadhamme ṭhitāya bhusā vātavuṭṭhi āgantvā bhavanaṃ pavattesi ummūlamakāsī’ti? ‘Kathaṃ pana, mārisa , rukkho rukkhadhamme ṭhito hotī’ti? ‘Idha, devate, rukkhassa mūlaṃ mūlatthikā haranti, tacaṃ tacatthikā haranti, pattaṃ pattatthikā haranti, pupphaṃ pupphatthikā haranti, phalaṃ phalatthikā haranti. Na ca tena devatāya anattamanatā vā anabhinandi [anabhiraddhi (sī.)] vā karaṇīyā. Evaṃ kho, devate, rukkho rukkhadhamme ṭhito hotī’ti. ‘Aṭṭhitāyeva kho me, mārisa, rukkhadhamme bhusā vātavuṭṭhi āgantvā bhavanaṃ pavattesi ummūlamakāsī’ti. ‘Sace kho tvaṃ, devate, rukkhadhamme tiṭṭheyyāsi, siyā [siyāpi (sī. pī.)] te bhavanaṃ yathāpure’ti? ‘Ṭhassāmahaṃ, [tiṭṭheyyāmahaṃ (syā.)] mārisa , rukkhadhamme, hotu me bhavanaṃ yathāpure’’’ti.
‘‘Atha kho, brāhmaṇa dhammika, sakko devānamindo tathārūpaṃ iddhābhisaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkhāsi [abhisaṅkhāri (syā. ka.)], yathā bhusā vātavuṭṭhi āgantvā suppatiṭṭhaṃ nigrodharājaṃ ussāpesi, sacchavīni mūlāni ahesuṃ. Evamevaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa dhammika, api nu taṃ samaṇadhamme ṭhitaṃ jātibhūmakā upāsakā pabbājesuṃ sabbaso jātibhūmiyaṃ sattahi āvāsehī’’ti? ‘‘Kathaṃ pana, bhante, samaṇo samaṇadhamme ṭhito hotī’’ti? ‘‘Idha, brāhmaṇa dhammika, samaṇo akkosantaṃ na paccakkosati, rosantaṃ na paṭirosati, bhaṇḍantaṃ na paṭibhaṇḍati. Evaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa dhammika, samaṇo samaṇadhamme ṭhito hotī’’ti. ‘‘Aṭṭhitaṃyeva maṃ, bhante, samaṇadhamme jātibhūmakā upāsakā pabbājesuṃ sabbaso jātibhūmiyaṃ sattahi āvāsehī’’ti.
[a. ni. 7.66; 7.73] ‘‘Bhūtapubbaṃ , brāhmaṇa dhammika, sunetto nāma satthā ahosi titthakaro kāmesu vītarāgo. Sunettassa kho pana, brāhmaṇa dhammika, satthuno anekāni sāvakasatāni ahesuṃ. Sunetto satthā sāvakānaṃ brahmalokasahabyatāya dhammaṃ desesi. Ye kho pana, brāhmaṇa dhammika, sunettassa satthuno brahmalokasahabyatāya dhammaṃ desentassa cittāni na pasādesuṃ te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjiṃsu. Ye kho pana, brāhmaṇa dhammika, sunettassa satthuno brahmalokasahabyatāya dhammaṃ desentassa cittāni pasādesuṃ te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjiṃsu.
‘‘Bhūtapubbaṃ, brāhmaṇa dhammika, mūgapakkho nāma satthā ahosi…pe… aranemi nāma satthā ahosi… kuddālako nāma satthā ahosi… hatthipālo nāma satthā ahosi… jotipālo nāma satthā ahosi titthakaro kāmesu vītarāgo. Jotipālassa kho pana, brāhmaṇa dhammika, satthuno anekāni sāvakasatāni ahesuṃ. Jotipālo satthā sāvakānaṃ brahmalokasahabyatāya dhammaṃ desesi. Ye kho pana, brāhmaṇa dhammika, jotipālassa satthuno brahmalokasahabyatāya dhammaṃ desentassa cittāni na pasādesuṃ te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjiṃsu. Ye kho pana, brāhmaṇa dhammika, jotipālassa satthuno brahmalokasahabyatāya dhammaṃ desentassa cittāni pasādesuṃ te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjiṃsu.
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, brāhmaṇa dhammika, yo ime cha satthāre titthakare kāmesu vītarāge, anekasataparivāre sasāvakasaṅghe paduṭṭhacitto akkoseyya paribhāseyya, bahuṃ so apuññaṃ pasaveyyā’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Yo kho, brāhmaṇa dhammika, ime cha satthāre titthakare kāmesu vītarāge anekasataparivāre sasāvakasaṅghe paduṭṭhacitto akkoseyya paribhāseyya, bahuṃ so apuññaṃ pasaveyya. Yo ekaṃ diṭṭhisampannaṃ puggalaṃ paduṭṭhacitto akkosati paribhāsati, ayaṃ tato bahutaraṃ apuññaṃ pasavati. Taṃ kissa hetu? Nāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa dhammika, ito bahiddhā evarūpiṃ khantiṃ [evarūpaṃ khantaṃ (syā.)] vadāmi, yathāmaṃ sabrahmacārīsu. Tasmātiha, brāhmaṇa dhammika , evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘na no samasabrahmacārīsu [na no āmasabrahmacārīsu (syā.), na no sabrahmacārīsu (sī. pī.)] cittāni paduṭṭhāni bhavissantī’’’ti. Evañhi te, brāhmaṇa dhammika, sikkhitabbanti.
‘‘Sunetto mūgapakkho ca, aranemi ca brāhmaṇo;
Kuddālako ahu satthā, hatthipālo ca māṇavo.
‘‘Jotipālo ca govindo, ahu sattapurohito;
Ahiṃsakā [abhisekā (syā.)] atītaṃse, cha satthāro yasassino.
‘‘Nirāmagandhā karuṇedhimuttā [vimuttā (sī. syā. pī.)], kāmasaṃyojanātigā [kāmasaṃyojanātitā (syā.)];
Kāmarāgaṃ virājetvā, brahmalokūpagā ahuṃ [ahu (bahūsu), ahū (ka. sī.)].
‘‘Ahesuṃ sāvakā tesaṃ, anekāni satānipi;
Nirāmagandhā karuṇedhimuttā, kāmasaṃyojanātigā;
Kāmarāgaṃ virājetvā, brahmalokūpagā ahuṃ [ahu (bahūsu), ahū (ka. sī.)].
‘‘Yete isī bāhirake, vītarāge samāhite;
Paduṭṭhamanasaṅkappo, yo naro paribhāsati;
Bahuñca so pasavati, apuññaṃ tādiso naro.
‘‘Yo cekaṃ diṭṭhisampannaṃ, bhikkhuṃ buddhassa sāvakaṃ;
Paduṭṭhamanasaṅkappo , yo naro paribhāsati;
Ayaṃ tato bahutaraṃ, apuññaṃ pasave naro.
‘‘Na sādhurūpaṃ āsīde, diṭṭhiṭṭhānappahāyinaṃ;
Sattamo puggalo eso, ariyasaṅghassa vuccati.
‘‘Avītarāgo kāmesu, yassa pañcindriyā mudū;
Saddhā sati ca vīriyaṃ, samatho ca vipassanā.
‘‘Tādisaṃ bhikkhumāsajja, pubbeva upahaññati;
Attānaṃ upahantvāna, pacchā aññaṃ vihiṃsati.
‘‘Yo ca rakkhati attānaṃ, rakkhito tassa bāhiro;
Tasmā rakkheyya attānaṃ, akkhato paṇḍito sadā’’ti. dvādasamaṃ;
Tassuddānaṃ –
Nāgamigasālā iṇaṃ, cundaṃ dve sandiṭṭhikā duve;
Khemaindriya ānanda, khattiyā appamādena dhammikoti.
Paṭhamapaṇṇāsakaṃ samattaṃ.
2. Dutiyapaṇṇāsakaṃ
* Bài viết trích trong Aṅguttaranikāya >> Suttapiṭaka >> Tipiṭaka (Mūla), nguồn Tipitaka.org. Tải sách PDF tại đây.
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