2. Sāsanapaṭṭhānadutiyabhūmi
13. Tattha katamaṃ sāsanappaṭṭhānaṃ? Saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ, vāsanā bhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ, nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ, asekkhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ, saṃkilesabhāgiyañca vāsanābhāgiyañca, saṃkilesabhāgiyañca nibbedhabhāgiyañca, saṃkilesabhāgiyañca nibbedhabhāgiyañca asekkhabhāgiyañca, vāsanābhāgiyañca nibbedhabhāgiyañca. Āṇatti, phalaṃ, upāyo, āṇatti ca phalañca, phalañca upāyo ca, āṇatti ca phalañca upāyo ca. Assādo, ādīnavo, nissaraṇaṃ, assādo ca ādīnavo ca, assādo ca nissaraṇañca, ādīnavo ca nissaraṇañca, assādo ca ādīnavo ca nissaraṇañca. Lokikaṃ, lokuttaraṃ, lokikañca lokuttarañca. Kammaṃ, vipāko, kammañca vipāko ca. Niddiṭṭhaṃ, aniddiṭṭhaṃ, niddiṭṭhañca aniddiṭṭhañca. Ñāṇaṃ, ñeyyaṃ, ñāṇañca ñeyyañca. Dassanaṃ, bhāvanā, dassanañca bhāvanā ca. Vipākakammaṃ, na vipākakammaṃ, nevavipākanavipākakammaṃ . Sakavacanaṃ, paravacanaṃ, sakavacanañca paravacanañca. Sattādhiṭṭhānaṃ, dhammādhiṭṭhānaṃ, sattādhiṭṭhānañca dhammādhiṭṭhānañca. Thavo, sakavacanādhiṭṭhānaṃ, paravacanādhiṭṭhānaṃ, sakavacanādhiṭṭhānañca paravacanādhiṭṭhānañca. Kiriyaṃ, phalaṃ, kiriyañca phalañca. Anuññātaṃ, paṭikkhittaṃ, anuññātañca paṭikkhittañca. Imāni cha paṭikkhittāni.
14. Tattha katamaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ?
Kāmandhā jālasañchannā, taṇhāchadanachāditā;
Pamattabandhunā baddhā, macchāva kumināmukhe;
Jarāmaraṇamanventi, vaccho khīrapakova [khīrūpakova (ka.) passa udā. 64] mātaraṃ.
Pañcime, bhikkhave, nīvaraṇā.
Tattha katamaṃ vāsanābhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ?
Manopubbaṅgamā dhammā, manoseṭṭhā manomayā;
Manasā ce pasannena, bhāsati vā karoti vā;
Tato naṃ sukhamanveti, chāyāva anapāyinī.
Saṃyuttake suttaṃ.
Mahānāmassa sakkassa idaṃ bhagavā sakyānaṃ kapilavatthumhi nagare nayavitthārena saddhāsīlaparibhāvitaṃ suttaṃ bhāvaññena paribhāvitaṃ taṃ nāma pacchime kāle.
Tattha katamaṃ nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ?
Uddhaṃ adho [udā. 61] sabbadhi vippamutto, ayaṃ ahasmīti anānupassī;
Evaṃ vimutto udatāri oghaṃ, atiṇṇapubbaṃ apunabbhavāya.
Sīlāni nu kho bhavanti kimatthiyāni ānando pucchati satthāraṃ.
Tattha katamaṃ asekkhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ?
‘‘Yassa selūpamaṃ cittaṃ, ṭhitaṃ nānupakampati;
Virattaṃ rajanīyesu, kopaneyye [kopanīye (ka.) passa udā. 34] na kuppati;
Yassevaṃ bhāvitaṃ cittaṃ, kuto taṃ dukkhamessatī’’ti.
Sāriputto nāma bhagavā theraññataro so maṃ āsajja appaṭinissajja cārikaṃ pakkamati, sāriputtassa byākaraṇaṃ kātabbaṃ. Yassa nūna bhagavā kāyagatā sati abhāvitā assa abahulīkatā vitthārena kātabbaṃ.
15. Tattha katamaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyañca vāsanābhāgiyañca?
Channamativassati [udā. 45], vivaṭaṃ nātivassati;
Tasmā channaṃ vivaretha, evaṃ taṃ nātivassati.
Channamativassatīti saṃkileso. Vivaṭaṃ nātivassatīti vāsanā. Tamo tamaparāyanoti vitthārena. Tattha yo ca tamo yo ca tamaparāyano, ayaṃ saṃkileso. Yo ca joti yo ca jotiparāyano, ayaṃ vāsanā.
Tattha katamaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyañca nibbedhabhāgiyañca suttaṃ?
Na taṃ daḷhaṃ bandhanamāhu dhīrā, yadāyasaṃ dārujapabbajañca [dārujaṃ pabbajañca (pī.) dha. pa. 345; saṃ. ni. 1.121];
Sārattarattā maṇikuṇḍalesu, puttesu dāresu ca yā apekkhā.
Na taṃ daḷhaṃ bandhanamāhu dhīrā, yadā puttesu dāresu ca yā apekkhā, ayaṃ saṃkileso. Etampi chetvā paribbajanti dhīrā anapekkhino sabbakāme pahāyāti, ayaṃ nibbedho. Yaṃ cetayitaṃ pakappitaṃ yā ca nāmarūpassa avakkanti hoti. Imehi catūhi padehi saṃkileso. Pacchimakehi catūhi nibbedho.
Tattha katamaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyañca nibbedhabhāgiyañca asekkhabhāgiyañca suttaṃ?
Ayaṃ loko santāpajāto, phassapareto rogaṃ [rodaṃ (pī.) passa udā. 30] vadati attato;
Yena yena hi maññanti, tato taṃ hoti aññathā.
Aññathābhāvī bhavasatto loko, bhavapareto bhavamevābhinandati;
Yadabhinandati taṃ bhayaṃ, yassa bhāyati taṃ dukkhaṃ;
Bhavavippahānāya kho panidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ vussati.
Ye hi keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā bhavena bhavassa vippamokkhamāhaṃsu, sabbete ‘‘avippamuttā bhavasmā’’ti vadāmi. Ye vā pana keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā vibhavena bhavassa nissaraṇamāhaṃsu, sabbete ‘‘anissaṭā bhavasmā’’ti vadāmi. Upadhiṃ hi paṭicca dukkhamidaṃ sambhoti, sabbupādānakkhayā natthi dukkhassa sambhavo, lokamimaṃ passa, puthū avijjāya paretā bhūtā bhūtaratā bhavā aparimuttā. Ye hi keci bhavā sabbadhi sabbatthatāya sabbete bhavā aniccā dukkhā vipariṇāmadhammāti.
‘‘Evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ, sammappaññāya passato;
Bhavataṇhā pahīyati, vibhavaṃ nābhinandati;
Sabbaso taṇhānaṃ khayā, asesavirāganirodho nibbānaṃ.
‘‘Tassa nibbutassa bhikkhuno, anupādā punabbhavo na hoti;
Abhibhūto māro vijitasaṅgāmo, upeccagā sabbabhavāni tādī’’ti.
Ayaṃ loko santāpajāto yāva dukkhanti yaṃ taṇhā saṃkileso.
Yaṃ punaggahaṇaṃ ye hi keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā bhavena bhavassa vimokkhamāhaṃsu, sabbete ‘‘avimuttā bhavasmā’’ti vadāmi. Ye vā pana keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā vibhavena bhavassa nissaraṇamāhaṃsu ‘‘anissaṭā bhavasmā’’ti vadāmi. Ayaṃ diṭṭhisaṃkileso, taṃ diṭṭhisaṃkileso ca taṇhāsaṃkileso ca, ubhayametaṃ saṃkileso. Yaṃ punaggahaṇaṃ bhavavippahānāya brahmacariyaṃ vussati, yāva sabbaso upādānakkhayā sambhavā, idaṃ nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ. Tassa nibbutassa bhikkhuno yāva upaccagā sabbabhavāni tādīti idaṃ asekkhabhāgiyaṃ. Cattāro puggalā anusotagāmī saṃkileso ṭhitatto ca paṭisotagāmī ca nibbedho. Thale tiṭṭhatīti asekkhabhūmi.
16. Tattha katamaṃ vāsanābhāgiyañca nibbedhabhāgiyañca suttaṃ?
‘‘Dadato [udā. 75; dī. ni. 2.197] puññaṃ pavaḍḍhati, saṃyamato veraṃ na cīyati;
Kusalo ca jahāti pāpakaṃ, rāgadosamohakkhayā sanibbuto’’ti.
‘‘Dadato puññaṃ pavaḍḍhati, saṃyamato veraṃ na cīyatī’’ti vāsanā. ‘‘Kusalo ca jahāti pāpakaṃ, rāgadosamohakkhayā sanibbuto’’ti nibbedho.
Sotānugatesu dhammesu vacasā paricitesu manasānupekkhitesu diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhesu pañcānisaṃsā pāṭikaṅkhā. Idhekaccassa bahussutā dhammā honti dhātā apamuṭṭhā vacasā paricitā manasānupekkhitā diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā, so yuñjanto ghaṭento vāyamanto diṭṭheva dhamme visesaṃ pappoti. No ce diṭṭheva dhamme visesaṃ pappoti, gilāno pappoti. No ce gilāno pappoti, maraṇakālasamaye pappoti. No ce maraṇakālasamaye pappoti, devabhūto pāpuṇāti. No ce devabhūto pāpuṇāti, tena dhammarāgena tāya dhammanandiyā paccekabodhiṃ pāpuṇāti.
Tatthāyaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme pāpuṇāti, ayaṃ nibbedho. Yaṃ samparāye paccekabodhiṃ pāpuṇāti, ayaṃ vāsanā. Imāni soḷasa suttāni sabbasāsanaṃ atiggaṇhanto tiṭṭhanti. Imehi soḷasahi suttehi navavidho suttanto vibhatto bhavati. So ca paññavato no duppaññassa, yuttassa no ayuttassa, akammassa vihārissa pakatiyā loke saṃkileso carati. So saṃkileso tividho – taṇhāsaṃkileso diṭṭhisaṃkileso duccaritasaṃkileso. Tato saṃkilesato uṭṭhahanto saṃkileso dhammesu patiṭṭhahati, lokiyesu patiṭṭhahatīti. Tatthākusalo diṭṭhato sace taṃ sīlañca diṭṭhiñca parāmasati, tassa so taṇhāsaṃkileso hoti. Sace panassa evaṃ hoti ‘‘imināhaṃ sīlena vā vatena vā brahmacariyena vā devo vā bhavissaṃ [bhavissāmi (pī.)] devaññataro vā’’ti yassa hoti micchādiṭṭhi, etassa micchādiṭṭhisaṃkileso bhavati. Sace pana sīle patiṭṭhito aparāmaṭṭhassa hi sīlavataṃ hoti, tassa taṃ sīlavato yoniso gahitaṃ avippaṭisāraṃ janeti yāva vimuttiñāṇadassanaṃ, tañca tassa diṭṭheva dhamme kālaṅkatassa vā tamhiyeva vā pana aparāpariyāyena vā, aññesu khandhesu evaṃ sutaṃ ‘‘sucaritaṃ vāsanāya saṃvattatī’’ti vāsanābhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ vuccati. Tattha sīlesu ṭhitassa vinīvaraṇaṃ cittaṃ, taṃ tato sakkāyadiṭṭhippahānāya bhagavā dhammaṃ deseti. So accantaniṭṭhaṃ nibbānaṃ pāpuṇāti; yadi vā sāsanantare, accantaṃ nibbānaṃ pāpuṇāti, yadi vā ekāsane cha abhiññe. Tattha dve puggalā ariyadhamme pāpuṇanti saddhānusārī ca dhammānusārī ca. Tattha dhammānusārī ugghaṭitaññū, saddhānusārī neyyo. Tattha ugghaṭitaññū duvidho – koci tikkhindriyo koci mudindriyo. Tattha neyyopi duvidho – koci tikkhindriyo koci mudindriyo. Tattha yo ca ugghaṭitaññū mudindriyo, yo ca neyyo tikkhindriyo, ime puggalā asamindriyā honti. Tattha ime puggalā samindriyā parihāyanti ca ugghaṭitaññuto, vipañcitaññū neyyato, ime majjhimā bhūmigatā vipañcitaññū hoti. Ime tayo puggalā.
17. Tattha catutthā pana pañcamā ugghaṭitaññū vipañcitaññū neyyo ca, tattha ugghaṭitaññū puggalo indriyāni paṭilabhitvā dassanabhūmiyaṃ ṭhito sotāpattiphalañca pāpuṇāti, ekabījī hoti paṭhamo sotāpanno. Tattha vipañcitaññū puggalo indriyāni paṭilabhitvā dassanabhūmiyaṃ ṭhito sotāpattiphalañca pāpuṇāti, kolaṃkolo ca hoti dutiyo sotāpanno . Tattha neyyo puggalo indriyāni paṭilabhitvā dassanabhūmiyaṃ ṭhito sotāpattiphalañca pāpuṇāti, sattakkhattuparamo ca hoti , ayaṃ tatiyo sotāpanno. Ime tayo puggalā indriyavemattatāya sotāpattiphale ṭhitā.
Ugghaṭitaññū ekabījī hoti, vipañcitaññū kolaṃkolo hoti, neyyo sattakkhattuparamo hoti. Idaṃ nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ. Sace pana taduttari vāyamati, accantaniṭṭhaṃ nibbānaṃ pāpuṇāti. Tattha ugghaṭitaññū puggalo yo tikkhindriyo, te dve puggalā honti – anāgāmiphalaṃ pāpuṇitvā antarāparinibbāyī ca upahaccaparinibbāyī ca. Tattha vipañcitaññū puggalo yo tikkhindriyo, te dve puggalā honti – anāgāmiphalaṃ pāpuṇanti asaṅkhāraparinibbāyī ca sasaṅkhāraparinibbāyī ca. Tattha neyyo anāgāmiphalaṃ pāpuṇanto uddhaṃsoto akaniṭṭhagāmī hoti, ugghaṭitaññū ca vipañcitaññū ca, indriyanānattena ugghaṭitaññū puggalo tikkhindriyo antarāparinibbāyī hoti, ugghaṭitaññū mudindriyo uddhaṃsoto akaniṭṭhagāmī hoti. Ugghaṭitaññū ca vipañcitaññū ca indriyanānattena ugghaṭitaññū puggalo tikkhindriyo sasaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti, tikkhindriyo antarāparinibbāyī hoti, ugghaṭitaññū mudindriyo upahaccaparinibbāyī hoti. Vipañcitaññū tikkhindriyo asaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti, vipañcitaññū mudindriyo sasaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti, neyyo upahaccaparinibbāyī hoti, vipañcitaññū tikkhindriyo asaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti. Vipañcitaññū mudindriyo sasaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti, neyyo uddhaṃsoto akaniṭṭhagāmī hoti. Iti pañca anāgāmino, chaṭṭho sakadāgāmī, tayo ca sotāpannāti ime nava sekkhā.
Tattha ugghaṭitaññū puggalo tikkhindriyo arahattaṃ pāpuṇanto dve puggalā honti ubhatobhāgavimutto paññāvimutto ca. Tattha ugghaṭitaññū puggalo mudindriyo arahattaṃ pāpuṇanto dve puggalā honti, ṭhitakappī [ṭhitakappi (pī. ka.) passa pu. pa. 17] ca paṭivedhanabhāvo puggalo ca tikkhindriyo so arahattaṃ pāpuṇanto dve puggalā honti cetanābhabbo ca rakkhaṇābhabbo ca. Tattha vipañcitaññū mudindriyo arahattaṃ pāpuṇanto dve puggalā honti, sace ceteti na parinibbāyī, no ce ceteti parinibbāyīti. Sace anurakkhati na parinibbāyī, no ce anurakkhati parinibbāyīti. Tattha neyyo puggalo bhāvanānuyogamanuyutto parihānadhammo hoti kammaniyato vā samasīsi vā, ime nava arahanto idaṃ catubbidhaṃ suttaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ asekkhabhāgiyaṃ. Imesu puggalesu tathāgatassa dasavidhaṃ balaṃ pavattati.
18. Katamaṃ dasavidhaṃ? Idha buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ appavattite dhammacakke mahesakkhā devaputtā yācanāya abhiyātā [atiyātā (pī. ka.)] honti ‘‘desetu sugato dhamma’’nti. So anuttarena buddhacakkhunā volokento addasāsi sattānaṃ tayo rāsīnaṃ sammattaniyato micchattaniyato aniyato. Tattha sammattaniyato rāsi micchāsatiṃ āpajjeyyāti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati, asatthuko parinibbāyeyyāti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati, samāpattiṃ āpajjeyyāti ṭhānametaṃ vijjati. Tattha micchattaniyato rāsi ariyasamāpattiṃ paṭipajjissatīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati, anariyamicchāpaṭipattiṃ paṭipajjissatīti ṭhānametaṃ vijjati. Tattha aniyato rāsi sammāpaṭipajjamānaṃ sammattaniyatarāsiṃ gamissatīti ṭhānametaṃ vijjati, micchāpaṭipajjamāno sammattaniyatarāsiṃ gamissatīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Sammāpaṭipajjamānaṃ sammattaniyatarāsiṃ gamissatīti ṭhānametaṃ vijjati, micchāpaṭipajjamānaṃ micchattaniyatarāsiṃ gamissatīti ṭhānametaṃ vijjati. Ime tayo anuttarena buddhacakkhunā volokentassa sammāsambuddhassa me sato ime dhammā anabhisambuddhāti ettavatā maṃ koci sahadhammena paṭicodissatīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati, vītarāgassa te paṭijānato akhīṇāsavatāya sahadhammena koci paṭicodissatīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Yato pana imassa aniyatassa rāsissa dhammadesanā, sā na dissati takkarassa sammādukkhakkhayāyāti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati, tathā ovadito yaṃ pana me aniyatarāsi sāvako pubbenāparaṃ visesaṃ na sacchikarissatīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati.
19. Yaṃ kho muni nānappakārassa nānāniruttiyo devanāgayakkhānaṃ dameti dhamme vavatthānena vatvā kāraṇato aññaṃ pāraṃ gamissatīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Dhammapaṭisambhidā. Yato panimā niruttito satta satta niruttiyo nābhisambhuneyyāti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Niruttipaṭisambhidā. Nirutti kho pana abhisamaggaratānaṃ sāvakānaṃ tamatthamaviññāpayeti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Atthapaṭisambhidā . Mahesakkhā devaputtā upasaṅkamitvā pañhe pucchiṃsu . Kāyikena vā mānasikena vā paripīḷitassa hatthakuṇīti vā pāde vā khañje dandhassa [dantassa (pī. ka.)] so attho na paribhājiyatīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Paṭibhānapaṭisambhidā. Yamhi taṃ tesaṃ hoti tamhi asantaṃ bhavatīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Yaṃ hi nāsaṃ tesaṃ na bhavati, tamhi nāsaṃ tesaṃ bhavissatīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Evaṃ samudayassa nirodhāya dasa akusalakammapathā. Māro vā indo vā brahmā vā tathāgato vā cakkavattī vā so vata nāma mātugāmo bhavissatīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati, puriso assa rājā cakkavattī sakko devānamindo bhavissatīti ṭhānametaṃ vijjati. Itissa evarūpaṃ balaṃ evarūpaṃ ñāṇaṃ, idaṃ vuccati ṭhānāṭṭhānañāṇaṃ paṭhamaṃ tathāgatabalaṃ taṃ niddisitabbaṃ. Tīhi rāsīhi catūhi vesārajjehi catūhi paṭisambhidāhi paṭiccasamuppādassa pavattiyaṃ nivattiyaṃ bhāgiyañca. Kusalaṃ kusalavipākesu ca upapajjati yañca itthipurisānaṃ. Idaṃ paṭhamaṃ balaṃ tathāgato evaṃ jānāti.
Yesaṃ pana sammattaniyato rāsi, nāyaṃ sabbatthagāminī paṭipadā, nibbānagāminīyevāyaṃ paṭipadā. Tattha siyā micchattaniyato rāsi, esāpi na sabbatthagāminī paṭipadā. Sakkāyasamudayagāminīyevāyaṃ paṭipadā hotu, ayaṃ tattha tattha paṭipattiyā ṭhito gacchati nibbānaṃ, gacchati apāyaṃ, gacchati devamanussassa. Yaṃ yaṃ vā paṭipadaṃ paṭipajjeyya sabbattha gaccheyya, ayaṃ sabbatthagāminī paṭipadā. Yaṃ ettha ñāṇaṃ yathābhūtaṃ, idaṃ vuccati sabbatthagāminī paṭipadāñāṇaṃ dutiyaṃ tathāgatabalaṃ.
Sā kho panāyaṃ sabbatthagāminī paṭipadā nānādhimuttā keci kāmesu keci dukkarakāriyaṃ keci attakilamathānuyogamanuyuttā keci saṃsārena suddhiṃ paccenti keci anajjābhāvanāti. Tena tena caritena vinibandhānaṃ sattānaṃ yaṃ ñāṇaṃ yathābhūtaṃ nānāgataṃ lokassa anekādhimuttagataṃ yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Idaṃ tatiyaṃ tathāgatabalaṃ.
Tattha sattānaṃ adhimuttā bhavanti āsevanti bhāventi bahulīkaronti. Tesaṃ kammupasayānaṃ tadādhimuttānaṃ. Sā ceva dhātu saṃvahati. Katarā panesā dhātu nekkhammadhātu baladhātu kāci sampatti kāci micchattañca dhātu adhimuttā bhavanti. Aññatarā uttari na samanupassanti. Te tadevaṭṭhānaṃ mayā jarāmaraṇassa abhinivissa voharanti ‘‘idameva saccaṃ moghamañña’’nti. Yathā bhagavā sakkassa devānamindassa bhāsitaṃ. Yaṃ tattha yathābhūtaṃ ñāṇaṃ. Idaṃ vuccati catutthaṃ tathāgatabalaṃ.
Tattha yaṃyeva dhātu [yaṃ yadeva dhātuṃ (ka.)] seṭṭhanti taṃ taṃ kāyena ca vācāya ca ārambhanti cetasiko. Ārambho cetanā kammaṃ kāyikā vācasikā ārambho cetasikattā kammantaraṃ tathāgato evaṃ pajānāti ‘‘iminā sattena evaṃ dhātukena evarūpaṃ kammaṃ kataṃ, taṃ atītamaddhānaṃ iminā hetunā tassa evarūpo vipāko vipaccati etarahi vipaccissati vā anāgatamaddhāna’’nti. Evaṃ paccuppannamaddhānaṃ pajānāti ‘‘ayaṃ puggalo evaṃdhātuko idaṃ kammaṃ karoti’’. Taṇhāya ca diṭṭhiyā ca iminā hetunā na tassa vipāko diṭṭheyeva dhamme nibbattissati, upapajje vā’’ti aparamhi vā pariyāye evaṃ pajānāti ‘‘ayaṃ puggalo evarūpaṃ kammaṃ karissati anāgatamaddhānaṃ, iminā hetunā tassa evarūpo vipāko nibbattissati, iminā hetunā yāni cattāri kammaṭṭhānāni idaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ paccuppannasukhaṃ āyatiṃ ca sukhavipākaṃ’’ …pe… iti ayaṃ atītānāgatapaccuppannānaṃ kammasamādānānaṃ hetuso ṭhānaso vipākavemattataṃ pajānāti uccāvacā hīnapaṇītatā, idaṃ vuccati kammavipākañāṇaṃ pañcamaṃ tathāgatabalaṃ.
Tathā sattā yaṃ vā kammasamādānaṃ samādiyantā tattha evaṃ pajānāti imassa puggalassa kammādhimuttassa rāgacaritassa nekkhammadhātūnaṃ pāripūriṃ gacchanti, tassa rāgānugate suññamānassa paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ saṃkilissati, sace puna uttari vāyāmato jhānavodānagate mānase visesabhāgiyaṃ paṭipadaṃ anuyuñjiyati. Tassa hi jhānabhāgiyaṃyeva paṭhamajjhāne ṭhitassa dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ vodānaṃ gacchati, tatiyañca jhānaṃ samāpajjitukāmassa somanassindriyaṃ cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhati, tassa sā pīti avisesabhāgiyaṃ tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ ādissa tiṭṭhati. Sace tassa nissaraṇaṃ yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Tathāgatassa catutthajjhānaṃ vodānaṃ gacchatiyeva, catutthassa jhānassa hānabhāgiyā dhammā, te ca dhammā yattha pajāyanti yehi catutthajjhānaṃ vodānaṃ dissati. Evaṃ ajjhāsayasamāpattiyā yā catasso samāpattiyo tīṇi vimokkhamukhāni aṭṭha vimokkhajhānānīti cattāri jhānāni vimokkhāti. Aṭṭha ca vimokkhā tīṇi ca vimokkhamukhāni. Samādhīti cattāro samādhī – chandasamādhi vīriyasamādhi cittasamādhi vīmaṃsāsamādhīti. Samāpattiyo catasso ajjhāsayasamāpattiyo iti imesaṃ jhānānaṃ vimokkhasamāpattīti evarūpo saṃkileso rāgacaritassa puggalassa. Evaṃ dosacaritassa. Mohacaritassa. Rāgacaritassa puggalassa evarūpaṃ vodānaṃ iti yaṃ ettha ñāṇaṃ yathābhūtaṃ asādhāraṇaṃ sabbasattehi. Idaṃ vuccati chaṭṭhaṃ tathāgatabalaṃ.
Tattha tathāgato evaṃ pajānāti lokikā dhammā lokuttarā dhammā bhāvanābhāgiyaṃ indriyaṃ nāmaṃ labhanti. Ādhipateyyabhūmiṃ upādāya balaṃ nāmaṃ labhanti thāmagataṃ mano manindriyaṃ taṃ upādāya. Vīriyaṃ nāmaṃ labhanti ārambhadhātuṃ upādāya. Itissa deva evarūpaṃ ñāṇaṃ imehi ca dhammehi ime puggalā samannāgatātipi dhammadesanaṃ akāsi. Ākārato ca vokārato ca āsayajjhāsayassa adhimuttisamannāgatānaṃ. Idaṃ vuccati parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ indriyabalavīriyavemattataṃ ñāṇaṃ sattamaṃ tathāgatabalaṃ.
Tattha ca tathāgato lokādīsu ca bhūmīsu saṃyojanānañca sekkhānaṃ dvīhi balehi gatiṃ pajānāti, pubbenivāsānussatiyā atīte saṃsāre etarahi ca paccuppanne dibbacakkhunā cutūpapātaṃ iti imāni dve balāni dibbacakkhuto abhinīhitāni. So atītamaddhānaṃ dibbassa cakkhuno gocaro so etarahi sati gocaro iti attano ca paresaṃ ca pubbenivāsañāṇaṃ anekavidhaṃ nānappakārakaṃ paccuppannamaddhānaṃ dibbena cakkhunā imāni dve tathāgatabalāni, aṭṭhamaṃ pubbenivāso, navamaṃ dibbacakkhu.
Puna caparaṃ tathāgato ariyapuggalānaṃ jhānaṃ vodānaṃ nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ pajānāti ayaṃ puggalo iminā maggena imāya paṭipadāya āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatīti iti attano ca āsavānaṃ khayaṃ ñāṇaṃ diṭṭhekaṭṭhānaṃ catubhūmimupādāya yāva navannaṃ arahantānaṃ āsavakkhayo odhiso sekkhānaṃ anodhiso arahantānaṃ. Tattha cetovimutti dvīhi āsavehi anāsavā kāmāsavena ca bhavāsavena ca, paññāvimutti dvīhi āsavehi anāsavā diṭṭhāsavena ca avijjāsavena ca, imāsaṃ dvinnaṃ vimuttīnaṃ yathābhūtaṃ ñāṇaṃ, idaṃ vuccati āsavakkhaye ñāṇaṃ. Dasamaṃ tathāgatabalaṃ.
20. Imesu dasasu balesu ṭhito tathāgato pañcavidhaṃ sāsanaṃ deseti saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ vāsanābhāgiyaṃ dassanabhāgiyaṃ bhāvanābhāgiyaṃ asekkhabhāgiyaṃ. Tattha yo taṇhāsaṃkileso, imassa alobho nissaraṇaṃ. Yo diṭṭhisaṃkileso, imassa amoho nissaraṇaṃ. Yo duccaritasaṃkileso, imassa tīṇi kusalāni nissaraṇaṃ. Kiṃ nidānaṃ? Tīṇi imāni [tīṇi hi imāni (pī.)] manoduccaritāni – abhijjhā byāpādo micchādiṭṭhi. Tattha abhijjhā manoduccaritaṃ kāyakammaṃ upaṭṭhapeti, adinnādānaṃ sabbañca tadupanibbaddhaṃ vācākammaṃ upaṭṭhapeti, musāvādañca sabbavitathaṃ sabbaṃ vācamabhāvaṃ sabbamakkhaṃ palāsaṃ abhijjhā akusalamūlanti, sucarite sucaritaṃ musāvādā adinnādānā abhijjhāya cetanā, tattha byāpādo manoduccaritaṃ kāyakammaṃ upaṭṭhapeti, pāṇātipātaṃ sabbañca metaṃ ākaḍḍhanaṃ parikaḍḍhanaṃ nibbaddhaṃ rocanaṃ vācākammaṃ upaṭṭhapeti, pisuṇavācaṃ pharusavācaṃ micchādiṭṭhi manoduccaritañca abhijjhaṃ byāpādaṃ micchādiṭṭhiṃ payojeti, tassa yo koci micchādiṭṭhi cāgo rāgajo vā dosajo vā sabbaso micchādiṭṭhi sambhūto iminā kāraṇena micchādiṭṭhiṃ upaṭṭhapeti, kāmesumicchācāraṃ vacīkammaṃ upaṭṭhapeti samphappalāpaṃ. Imāni tīṇi duccaritāni akusalamūlāni.
Yā abhijjhā, so lobho. Yo byāpādo, so doso. Yā micchādiṭṭhi, so moho. Tāni aṭṭha micchattāni upaṭṭhapenti. Tesu gahitesu tīsu akusalamūlesu dasavidhaṃ akusalamūlaṃ pāripūriṃ gacchati, tassa tividhassa duccaritasaṃkilesassa vāsanābhāgiyañca suttaṃ nissaraṇaṃ. Tattha yo bahusito niddeso yathā lobho doso mohopi, tattha asituṃ ettha lobho ussado tena kāraṇena tesu vā dhammesu lobho paññapiyati. Tatthāyaṃ moho akusalaṃ moho ayaṃ avijjā, sā catubbidhā rūpe abhiniviṭṭhā, rūpaṃ attato samanupassati, avijjāgato rūpavantaṃ attānaṃ, attani vā rūpaṃ, rūpasmiṃ vā attānaṃ. Tattha katamaṃ padaṃ sakkāyadiṭṭhiyā ucchedaṃ vadati ‘‘taṃ jīvaṃ taṃ sarīra’’nti natthikadiṭṭhi adhiccasamuppannadiṭṭhi ca añño ca karoti, añño paṭisaṃvediyati. Pacchimasaṭṭhikappānaṃ tīṇi padāni sakkāyadiṭṭhiyā sassataṃ bhajanti ‘‘aññaṃ jīvaṃ aññaṃ sarīra’’nti akiriyañca taṃ dukkhamicchato ahetukā ca patanti anajjhābhāvo ca kammānaṃ sabbañca mānayi [mānati (pī.)]. Tattha ‘‘idameva saccaṃ moghamañña’’nti saṃsārena suddhi ājīvakā chaḷāsīti paññapenti. Yathārūpe sakkāyadiṭṭhiyā catuvatthukā, evaṃ pañcasu khandhesu vīsativatthukā sakkāyadiṭṭhiyā sassataṃ bhajati. Aññājīvakā ca sassatavādike ca sīlabbataṃ bhajanti parāmasanti iminā bhavissāmi devo vā devaññataro vā, ayaṃ sīlabbataparāmāso. Tattha sakkāyadiṭṭhiyā so rūpaṃ attato samanupassati, ‘‘taṃ jīvaṃ taṃ sarīra’’miti taṃ kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati nābhippasīdati pubbante aparante pubbantāparante…pe… iti vāsanābhāgiyesu ṭhitassa ayaṃ upakkileso.
21. Tattha saddhindriyena sabbaṃ vicikicchitaṃ pajahati, paññindriyena udayabbayaṃ passati, samādhindriyena cittaṃ ekodi karoti vīriyindriyena ārabhati. So imehi pañcahi indriyehi saddhānusārī aveccappasāde nirato anantariyaṃ samādhiṃ uppādeti. Indriyehi suddhehi dhammānusārī appaccayatāya anantariyaṃ samādhiṃ uppādeti. So ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Saccāni idaṃ dassanabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ. Tassa pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ tīṇi saṃyojanāni dassanapahātabbāni sabbena sabbaṃ pahīnāni dve puggalakatāni. Tattha tīṇi akusalamūlāni bhāvanāpahātabbāni uparikkhittāni cha bhave nibbattenti. Tattha tesu abhijjhāya ca byāpādesu tanukatesu cha bhavā parikkhayā mariyādaṃ gacchanti, dve bhavā avasiṭṭhā. Tassa abhijjhā ca byāpādo ca sabbena sabbaṃ parikkhīṇā honti. Eko bhavo avasiṭṭho hoti. So ca mānavasena nibbatteti. Kiñcāpi ettha aññepi cattāro kilesā rūparāgo bhavarāgo avijjā uddhaccaṃ ketusmimānabhūtā nappaṭibalā asmimānaṃ vinivattetuṃ, sabbepi te asmimānassa pahānaṃ ārabhate. Khīṇesu na ca tesu idamuttaridassanabhūmiyaṃ pañcasu sekkhapuggalesu tīsu ca paṭippannakesu dvīsu ca phalaṭṭhesu bhāvanābhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ. Taduttari asekkhabhāgiyasuttaṃ, katthaci bhūmi nipīḷiyati. Idañca pañcamaṃ suttaṃ. Tiṇṇaṃ puggalānaṃ desitaṃ puthujjanassa sekkhassa asekkhassa saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ vāsanābhāgiyaṃ. Puthujjanassa dassanabhāgiyaṃ. Bhāvanābhāgiyaṃ pañcannaṃ sekkhānaṃ. Yaṃ paṭhamaniddiṭṭhaṃ asekkhabhāgiyaṃ sabbesaṃ arahantānaṃ. Sā pana pañcavidhā sattavīsaākāre [sattavīsaṃ ākāre (pī.)] pariyesitabbaṃ. Etesu tassa gatīnaṃ tato uttari. Tañca kho saṅkhepena paññāsāya ākārehi sampatati, ye paññāsa ākārā sāsane niddiṭṭhā, te saṅkhipiyantā dasahi ākārehi patanti. Ye ariyasaccaṃ nikkhepena ṭhite saṅkhipiyattā aṭṭhasu ākāresu patanti. Catūsu ca sādhāraṇesu suttesu yā hārasampātassa bhūmi, te saṅkhipiyantā pañcasu suttesu patanti. Saṃkilesabhāgiye vāsanābhāgiye bhāvanābhāgiye nibbedhabhāgiye asekkhabhāgiye ca. Te saṅkhipiyantā catūsu suttesu patanti. Saṃkilesabhāgiye vāsanābhāgiye nibbedhabhāgiye asekkhabhāgiye ca. Te saṅkhipiyamānā tīsu suttesu patanti, puthujjanabhāgiye sekkhabhāgiye asekkhabhāgiye ca. Te saṅkhipiyantā dvīsu suttesu patanti nibbedhabhāgiye ca pubbayogabhāgiye ca. Yathā vuttaṃ bhagavatā dve atthavase sampassamānā tathāgatā arahanto sammāsambuddhā dhammaṃ desenti suttaṃ geyyaṃ…pe… satthā pubbayogasamannāgate appakasirena maññamānā vasiyanti pubbayogā ca bhavissanti santānaṃ maññamānādharāya. Tattha paññāvemattataṃ attano samanupassamānena aṭṭhavidhe suttasaṅkhepe, yattha yattha sakkoti, tattha tattha yojetabbaṃ. Tattha tattha yojetvā suttassa attho niddisitabbo. Na hi sati vedanā mano dhāretvā sakkā yena kenaci suttassa attho yathābhūtaṃ niddisituṃ.
Tattha purimakānaṃ suttānaṃ imā uddānagāthā
Kāmandhā jālasañchannā, pañca nīvaraṇāni ca;
Manopubbaṅgamā dhammā, mahānāmo ca sākiyo.
Uddhaṃ adho vippamutto, yañca sīlakimatthiyā;
Yassa selūpamaṃ cittaṃ, upatissa pucchādikā.
Yassa kāyagatāsati, channaṃ tamoparāyaṇo;
Na taṃ daḷhaṃ cetasikaṃ, ayaṃ lokotiādikaṃ.
Cattāro ceva puggalā, dadato puññaṃ pavaḍḍhitaṃ;
Sotānugatadhammesu, imā tesaṃ uddānagāthā.
Sace bhāyatha [udā. 44] dukkhassa, sace vo dukkhamappiyaṃ;
Mākattha pāpakaṃ kammaṃ, āvi vā yadi vā raho.
‘‘Atīte , rādha, rūpe anapekkho hohī’’ti vitthārena kātabbā. ‘‘Sīlavantena , ānanda, puggalena sadā karaṇīyā kintime avippaṭisāro assā’’ti. Ayaṃ vuccati āṇatti.
Tattha katamaṃ phalaṃ?
Dhammo have rakkhati dhammacāriṃ, chattaṃ mahantaṃ yatha vassakāle;
Esānisaṃso dhamme suciṇṇe, na duggatiṃ gacchati dhammacārī.
Idaṃ phalaṃ.
Tattha katamo upāyo?
‘‘Sabbe dhammā [dha. pa. 279] anattā’’ti, yadā paññāya passati;
Atha nibbindati dukkhe, esa maggo visuddhiyā.
‘‘Sattahaṅgehi samannāgato kho, bhikkhu, api himavantaṃ pabbatarājānaṃ cāleyya, ko pana vādo chavaṃ avijjaṃ sattakesu’’ veyyākaraṇaṃ kātabbaṃ. Ayaṃ upāyo.
Tattha katamā āṇatti ca phalañca?
Sace bhāyatha dukkhassa, sace vo dukkhamappiyaṃ;
Mākattha pāpakaṃ kammaṃ, āvi vā yadi vā raho.
Sace hi pāpakaṃ kammaṃ, karotha vā karissatha;
Na vo dukkhā pamokkhātthi, upaccāpi palāyataṃ [palāyato (pī.)].
Purimikāya gāthāya āṇatti pacchimikāya phalaṃ. Sīle patiṭṭhāya dve dhammā bhāvetabbā yā ca cittabhāvanā yā ca paññābhāvanā yā ca āṇatti rāgavirāgā ca phalaṃ.
Tattha katamaṃ phalañca upāyo ca?
Sīle patiṭṭhāya [saṃ. ni. 1.23] naro sapañño, cittaṃ paññañca bhāvayaṃ;
Ātāpī nipako bhikkhu, so imaṃ vijaṭaye jaṭaṃ.
Purimikāya aḍḍhagāthāya upāyo, pacchimikāya aḍḍhagāthāya phalaṃ. Nandiyo [nandiko (pī. ka.)] sakko isivutthapuririkāmaekarakkhe [isivutta… (pī.)] suttaṃ mūlato upādāya yāva chasu dhammesu. Uttari pañcasu dhammesu yācayogo [yo ca yogo (pī.)] karaṇīyo, ayaṃ upāyo. Asahagatassa kāmāsavāpi cittaṃ muccatīti. Sabbāsu chasu tīsu. Ayaṃ upāyo ca phalañca.
Tattha katamā āṇatti ca phalañca upāyo ca?
Suññato lokaṃ avekkhassu, mogharāja sadā sato;
Attānudiṭṭhiṃ uhacca [ūhacca (su. ni. 1125)], evaṃ maccutaro siyā.
‘‘Suññato lokaṃ avekkhassu, mogharājā’’ti āṇatti. ‘‘Sadā sato’’ti upāyo. ‘‘Attānudiṭṭhiṃ uhacca, evaṃ maccutaro siyā’’ti phalaṃ. Samādhiṃ, bhikkhave, bhāvetha, samāhito, bhikkhave, bhikkhu rūpaṃ aniccanti pajānāti. Evaṃ passaṃ ariyasāvako parimuccati jātiyāpi…pe… upāyāsehipi idha tīṇipi’’.
Kāmaṃ kāmayamānassa, tassa cetaṃ samijjhati. Ayaṃ assādo.
‘‘Dhammacariyā samacariyā kusalacariyā hetūhi, brāhmaṇa, evamidhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjanti’’. Ayaṃ assādo.
Kāmesu ve haññate sabbā mucceva – ayaṃ ādīnavo. Pasenadisaṃyuttake sutte pabbatopamā – ayaṃ ādīnavo.
Tattha katamaṃ nissaraṇaṃ?
Yo kāme parivajjeti, sappasseva padā siro;
Somaṃ visattikaṃ loke, sato samativattati.
Saṃyuttake suttaṃ pāricchattako paṇḍupalāso sannipalāso – idaṃ nissaraṇaṃ.
Tattha katamo assādo ca ādīnavo ca?
Yāni [jā. 1.2.144 dukanipāte] karoti puriso, tāni attani passati;
Kalyāṇakārī kalyāṇaṃ, pāpakārī ca pāpakaṃ.
Tattha yaṃ pāpakārī paccanubhoti ayaṃ assādo. Lābhālābhaaṭṭhakesu byākaraṇaṃ, tattha alābho ayaso nindā dukkhaṃ, ayaṃ ādīnavo. Lābho yaso sukhaṃ pasaṃsā, ayaṃ assādo.
Tattha katamaṃ assādo ca nissaraṇañca?
‘‘Sukho vipāko puññānaṃ, adhippāyo ca ijjhati;
Khippañca paramaṃ santiṃ, nibbānamadhigacchatī’’ti.
Yo ca vipāko puññānaṃ yā ca adhippāyassa ijjhanā, ayaṃ assādo. Yaṃ khippañca paramaṃ santiṃ nibbānamadhigacchati, idaṃ nissaraṇaṃ.
Bāttiṃsāya ceva mahāpurisalakkhaṇehi samannāgatassa mahāpurisassa dveyeva gatiyo honti, sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī yāva abhivijinitvā ajjhāvasati ayaṃ assādo. Sace agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati sabbena oghena [osadhena (pī. ka.)] nissaraṇaṃ ayaṃ assādo ca nissaraṇañca.
Tattha katamo ādīnavo ca nissaraṇañca?
Ādānassa [ādinnassa (ka.)] bhayaṃ ñatvā, jātimaraṇasambhavaṃ;
Anādātuṃ nibbattati, jātimaraṇasaṅkhayā.
Purimikāya aḍḍhagāthāya jātimaraṇasambhavo ādīnavo. Anādātuṃ nibbattati jātimaraṇasaṅkhayāti nissaraṇaṃ.
Kicchaṃ vatāyaṃ loko āpanno yamidaṃ jāyate ca mīyate ca. Yāva kudassunāmassa dukkhassa anto bhavissati parato vāti ettha yā uparikkhā, ayaṃ ādīnavo. Yo gedhaṃ ñatvā abhinikkhamati yāva purāṇakāya rājadhāniyā, idaṃ nissaraṇaṃ. Ayaṃ ādīnavo ca nissaraṇañca.
Tattha katamo assādo ca ādīnavo ca nissaraṇañca?
Kāmā hi citrā vividhā [madhurā (theragā. 787)] manoramā, virūparūpehi mathenti cittaṃ;
Tasmā ahaṃ [theragā. 787] pabbajitomhi rāja, apaṇṇakaṃ sāmaññameva seyyo.
Yaṃ ‘‘kāmā hi citrā vividhā manoramā’’ti ayaṃ assādo. Yaṃ ‘‘virūparūpehi mathenti citta’’nti ayaṃ ādīnavo. Yaṃ ahaṃ agārasmā pabbajitomhi rāja apaṇṇakaṃ sāmaññameva seyyoti idaṃ nissaraṇaṃ.
Balavaṃ bālopamasuttaṃ yaṃ āsāya vā vedanīyaṃ kammaṃ gāhati, tathā cepi yaṃ yaṃ pāpakammaṃ anubhoti, tattha dukkhavedanīyena kammena abhāvitakāyena ca yāva parittacetaso ca ādīnavaṃ dasseti sukhavedanīyena kammena assādeti. Yaṃ purāsadiso hoti. Bhāvitacitto bhāvitakāyo bhāvitapañño mahānāmo aparittacetaso, idaṃ nissaraṇaṃ.
24. Tattha katamaṃ lokikaṃ suttaṃ?
Na hi pāpaṃ kataṃ kammaṃ, sajjukhīraṃva muccati;
Ḍahantaṃ bālamanveti, bhasmacchannova [bhasmāchannova (ka.) passa dha. pa. 71] pāvako.
Cattāri agatigamanāni, idaṃ lokikaṃ suttaṃ.
Tattha katamaṃ lokuttaraṃ suttaṃ?
‘‘Yassindriyāni samathaṅgatāni [samathaṃ gatāni (pī.) passa dha. pa. 94], assā yathā sārathinā sudantā;
Pahīnamānassa anāsavassa, devāpi tassa pihayanti tādino’’ti.
‘‘Ariyaṃ vo, bhikkhave, sammāsamādhiṃ desessāmī’’ti idaṃ lokuttaraṃ suttaṃ.
Tattha katamaṃ lokikaṃ lokuttarañca suttaṃ?
Sattiyā viya omaṭṭho, dayhamānova matthake;
Kāmarāgappahānāya, sato bhikkhu paribbaje.
‘‘Sattiyā viya omaṭṭho, dayhamānova matthake’’ti lokikaṃ;
‘‘Kāmarāgappahānāya, sato bhikkhu paribbaje’’ti lokuttaraṃ;
Kabaḷīkāre āhāre atthi chandoti lokikaṃ. Natthi chandoti lokuttaraṃ suttaṃ.
Tattha katamaṃ kammaṃ?
Yo pāṇamatipāteti, musāvādañca bhāsati;
Loke adinnaṃ ādiyati [ādiyi (ka.) passa a. ni. 5.174], paradārañca gacchati.
Surāmerayapānañca, yo naro anuyuñjati;
Appahāya pañca verāni, dussīlo iti vuccati.
Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, duccaritāni. Idaṃ kammaṃ.
Tattha katamo vipāko?
Saṭṭhivassasahassāni, yathārūpī vipaccagā.
‘‘Diṭṭhā mayā, bhikkhave [saṃ. ni. 4.135], cha phassāyatanikā nāma nirayā. Diṭṭhā mayā, bhikkhave, cha phassāyatanikā nāma saggā’’. Ayaṃ vipāko.
Tattha katamaṃ kammañca vipāko ca?
Ayasāva malaṃ samuṭṭhitaṃ, tatuṭṭhāya tameva khādati;
Evaṃ atidhonacārinaṃ, sāni kammāni nayanti duggatiṃ.
Ayasāva malaṃ samuṭṭhitaṃ, yāva sāni kammānīti idaṃ kammaṃ. Nayanti duggatinti vipāko.
Catūsu sammāpaṭipajjamāno mātari pitari tathāgate tathāgatasāvake yā sammāpaṭipatti, idaṃ kammaṃ. Yaṃ devesu upapajjati, ayaṃ vipāko. Idaṃ kammañca vipāko ca.
25. Tattha katamaṃ niddiṭṭhaṃ suttaṃ?
Nelaṅgo setapacchādo, ekāro vattatī [vattate (ka.) udā. 65] ratho;
Anīghaṃ passa āyantaṃ, chinnasotaṃ abandhanaṃ;
Yaṃ vā cittaṃ samaṇesu, cittāgahapati dissati.
Evaṃ imāya gāthāya niddiṭṭho attho.
Gopālakopame ekādasa padāni. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu rūpaññū hoti. Yā ca atirekapūjāya pūjetā hotīti. Imāni ekādasa padāni yathābhāsitāni niddiṭṭho attho.
Tattha katamo aniddiṭṭho attho?
Sukho viveko tuṭṭhassa, sutadhammassa passato;
Abyāpajjaṃ [abyāpajjhaṃ (pī. ka.) passa udā. 11] sukhaṃ loke, pāṇabhūtesu saṃyamoti.
Sukhā virāgatā loke, kāmānaṃ samatikkamo;
Asmimānassa yo vinayo, etaṃ ve paramaṃ sukhanti.
Idaṃ aniddiṭṭhaṃ. Aṭṭha mahāpurisavitakkā. Idaṃ aniddiṭṭhaṃ.
Tattha katamaṃ niddiṭṭhañca aniddiṭṭhañca?
Pasannanetto [su. ni. 555] sumukho, brahā uju patāpavā;
Majjhe samaṇasaṅghassa, ādiccova virocasi.
Pasannanetto yāva ādiccova virocasīti niddiṭṭho. Pasannanetto yo bhagavā kathañca pana pasannanettatā, kathaṃ sumukhatā, kathaṃ brahakāyatā, kathaṃ ujukatā, kathaṃ patāpavatā, kathaṃ virocatāti aniddiṭṭho. Pheṇapiṇḍopamaṃ veyyākaraṇaṃ yathā pheṇapiṇḍo evaṃ rūpaṃ yathā pubbuḷo evaṃ vedanā māyā viññāṇaṃ pañcakkhandhā pañcahi upamāhi niddiṭṭhā. Kena kāraṇena pheṇapiṇḍopamaṃ rūpaṃ sabbañca cakkhuviññeyyaṃ yaṃ vā catūhi āyatanehi? Kathaṃ vedanā pubbuḷūpamā? Katarā ca sā vedanā sukhā dukkhā adukkhamasukhā? Evamesā aniddiṭṭhā. Evaṃ niddiṭṭhañca aniddiṭṭhañca.
Paññā hi seṭṭhā lokasmiṃ, yāyaṃ nibbedhagāminī;
Yāya [yāyaṃ (ka.) passa itivu. 41] sammā pajānāti, jātimaraṇasaṅkhayaṃ.
Tīṇimāni indriyāni anaññātaññassāmītindriyaṃ aññindriyaṃ aññātāvindriyaṃ, idaṃ ñāṇaṃ.
Tattha katamaṃ neyyaṃ?
Kāmesu [udā. 63] sattā kāmasaṅgasattā, saṃyojane vajjamapassamānā;
Na hi jātu saṃyojanasaṅgasattā, oghaṃ tareyyuṃ vipulaṃ mahantaṃ.
Catūhi aṅgehi samannāgatā kāyassa bhedā devesu uppajjanti. Udāne kāpiyaṃ suttaṃ apaṇṇakapasādanīyaṃ – idaṃ neyyaṃ.
Tattha katamaṃ ñāṇañca neyyañca?
Sabbe dhammā anattāti, yadā paññāya passati;
Atha nibbindati dukkhe, esa maggo visuddhiyā.
Yadā passatīti ñāṇaṃ. Yo sabbadhamme anattākārena upaṭṭhapeti idaṃ neyyaṃ.
Cattāri ariyasaccāni, tattha tīṇi neyyāni maggasaccaṃ sīlakkhandho ca paññākkhandho ca, idaṃ ñāṇañca neyyañca.
Eseva maggo [dha. pa. 274 dhammapade] natthañño, dassanassa visuddhiyā;
Etañhi tumhe paṭipajjatha, mārassetaṃ pamohanaṃ.
Catūhi aṅgehi samannāgato ariyasāvako attanāva [attanāyeva (ka.) saṃ. ni. 5.1003] attānaṃ byākareyya ‘‘khīṇanirayomhi yāva sotāpannohamasmi avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo’’ti. Idaṃ dassanaṃ.
Yassindriyāni subhāvitāni, ajjhattaṃ bahiddhā ca sabbaloke;
So puggalo mati ca rūpasaññī, sumohagatā na jānāti [kiṃsu mohagatānu jānāti (ka.)].
Cattāri dhammapadāni – anabhijjhā abyāpādo sammāsati sammāsamādhi. Ayaṃ bhāvanā.
Tattha katamaṃ dassanañca bhāvanā ca?
Vacasā manasātha kammunā ca, aviruddho sammā viditvā [viditvāna (ka.) su. ni. 367] dhammaṃ;
Nibbānapadābhipatthayāno, sammā so loke paribbajeyya.
Sotāpattiphalaṃ sacchikātukāmena katame dhammā manasikātabbā, bhagavā āha pañcupādānakkhandhā. Idaṃ dassanañca bhāvanā ca.
28. Tattha katame vipākadhammadhammā?
Yāni karoti purisoti vitthāro. Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, sucaritāni. Ime vipākadhammadhammā.
Tattha katame navipākadhammadhammā?
Rūpaṃ vedayitaṃ saññā, viññāṇaṃ yā ceva cetanā;
Nesohamasmi na meso attā, iti diṭṭho virajjati.
Pañcime, bhikkhave, khandhā – ime navipākadhammadhammā.
Tattha katamo nevavipāko navipākadhammadhammo?
‘‘Ye evaṃ paṭipajjanti, nayaṃ buddhena desitaṃ;
Te dukkhassantaṃ karissanti, satthusāsanakārakā’’ti.
Iti yā ca sammāpaṭipatti yo ca nirodho, ubhayametaṃ nevavipāko navipākadhammo. Brahmacariyaṃ vo, bhikkhave, desessāmi, brahmacariyaphalāni ca brahmacariyañca ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo brahmacariyaphalāni sotāpattiphalaṃ yāva arahattaṃ.
29. Tattha katamaṃ sakavacanaṃ?
Sabbapāpassa akaraṇaṃ, kusalassa upasampadā;
Sacittapariyodapanaṃ, etaṃ buddhāna sāsanaṃ.
Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, vimokkhamukhāni. Idaṃ sakavacanaṃ.
Tattha katamaṃ paravacanaṃ?
Natthi puttasamaṃ pemaṃ, natthi goṇasamitaṃ dhanaṃ;
Natthi sūriyasamā ābhā, samuddaparamā sarā.
Hetunā mārisā kosiyā subhāsitena saṅgāmavijayo sopi nāma, bhikkhave, sakko devānamindo sakaṃ phalaṃ paribhuñjamānoti vitthārena kātabbaṃ. Idaṃ paravacanaṃ.
Tattha katamaṃ sakavacanañca paravacanañca?
‘‘Yaṃ pattaṃ yañca pattabbaṃ, ubhayametaṃ rajānukiṇṇaṃ;
Ye evaṃvādino natthi, tesaṃ kāmesu doso’’ti.
Idaṃ paravacanaṃ. Ye ca kho te ubho ante anupagamma vaṭṭaṃ tesaṃ natthi paññāpanāya. Idaṃ sakavacanaṃ.
‘‘Nandati puttehi puttimā, gomā gohi [bhogiko bhogehi (pī.) saṃ. ni. 1.12] tatheva nandati;
Upadhī hi narassa nandanā, na hi so nandati yo nirūpadhī’’ti – paravacanaṃ.
‘‘Socati puttehi puttimā, gomā gohi tatheva socati;
Upadhī hi narassa socanā, na hi so socati yo nirūpadhī’’ti – sakavacanaṃ.
Idaṃ sakavacanaṃ paravacanañca.
30. Tattha katamaṃ sattādhiṭṭhānaṃ?
Ye keci bhūtā bhavissanti ye vāpi, sabbe gamissanti pahāya dehaṃ;
Taṃ sabbajāniṃ kusalo viditvā, dhamme [ātāpiyo (udā. 42)] ṭhito brahmacariyaṃ careyya.
Tayome, bhikkhave, satthāro, tathāgato arahaṃ sekkho paṭipado. Idaṃ sattādhiṭṭhānaṃ.
Tattha katamaṃ dhammādhiṭṭhānaṃ?
Yañca kāmasukhaṃ [udā. 12] loke, yañcidaṃ diviyaṃ sukhaṃ;
Taṇhakkhayasukhassete, kalaṃ nāgghanti soḷasiṃ.
Sattime , bhikkhave, bojjhaṅgā, idaṃ dhammādhiṭṭhānaṃ.
Tattha katamaṃ sattādhiṭṭhānañca dhammādhiṭṭhānañca? Duddasamantaṃ saccaṃ duddaso paṭivedho bālehi, jānato passato natthi nandīti vadāmi. Duddasamantaṃ saccaṃ duddaso paṭivedho bālehīti dhammādhiṭṭhānaṃ. Jānato passato natthi nandīti sattādhiṭṭhānaṃ. Dārukkhandhopamaṃ gaṅgāya tīriyā orimañca tīraṃ pārimañca tīraṃ thale vā [thaleva ca (ka.) saṃyuttanikāye] na ca ussīdanaṃ, majjhe ca na saṃsīdanaṃ manussaggāho ca amanussaggāho ca antopūtibhāvo ca, idaṃ dhammādhiṭṭhānaṃ. Evaṃ pana bhikkhu nibbānaninno bhavissati nibbānaparāyaṇoti sattādhiṭṭhānaṃ. Idaṃ sattādhiṭṭhānañca dhammādhiṭṭhānañca.
Tattha katamo thavo?
Maggānaṭṭhaṅgiko seṭṭho, saccānaṃ caturo padā;
Virāgo seṭṭho dhammānaṃ, dvipadānañca cakkhumā.
Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, aggāni – buddho sattānaṃ, virāgo dhammānaṃ, saṅgho gaṇānaṃ. Ayaṃ thavo.
Kāyena [dha. pa. 361] saṃvaro sādhu, sādhu vācāya saṃvaro;
Manasā saṃvaro sādhu, sādhu sabbattha saṃvuto;
Sabbattha saṃvuto bhikkhu, sabbadukkhā pamuccati.
Idaṃ bhagavatā anuññātaṃ.
Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, karaṇīyāni – kāyasucaritaṃ vacīsucaritaṃ manosucaritaṃ. Idaṃ anuññātaṃ.
Tattha katamaṃ paṭikkhittaṃ?
Natthi puttasamaṃ pemaṃ. Vitthāro idaṃ paṭikkhittaṃ.
Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, akaraṇīyāni sayaṃ abhiññāya desitāni. Katamāni tīṇi? Kāyaduccaritaṃ vacīduccaritaṃ manoduccaritaṃ. Idaṃ paṭikkhittaṃ.
Tattha katamaṃ anuññātañca paṭikkhittañca?
Kāyena kusalaṃ kare, assa kāyena saṃvuto;
Kāyaduccaritaṃ hitvā, kāyasucaritaṃ care.
Dvīhi paṭhamapadehi catutthena ca padena anujānāti. Kāyaduccaritaṃ hitvāti tatiyena padena paṭikkhittanti. Mahāvibhaṅgo aciratapānādo.
Tatthimā uddānagāthā
Sace bhāyasi dukkhassa, mābhinandi anāgataṃ;
Vassakāle yathā chattaṃ, kusalāni kamatthake.
Sabbe dhammā anattāti, samāgataṃ vicālaye;
Na vo dukkhā pamokkhātthi, samatho ca vipassanā.
Kāmacchandaṃ upādāya, yo so vitakkehi khajjati;
Subhāvitatte bojjhaṅge, so imaṃ vijaṭaye jaṭaṃ.
Suññato lokaṃ avekkhassu, samādhibhāvi bhāvase;
Kāmaṃ kāmayamānassa, dhammacariyāya sugatiṃ.
Haññate sabbā mucceva, nippoṭhento catuddisā;
Yo kāme parivajjeti, pārichattopameva ca.
Yāni karoti puriso, lokadhammā pakāsitā;
Sukho vipāko puññānaṃ, tatiyaṃ aññaṃ na vijjati.
Ādānassa bhayaṃ ñatvā, jāyate jīyatepi ca;
Kāmā hi citrā vividhā, atha loṇasallopamaṃ.
Na hi pāpaṃ kataṃ kammaṃ, agatīhi ca gacchati;
Yassindriyāni samathaṅgatāni, tatheva pañcañāṇiko.
Sattiyā viya omaṭṭho, viññāṇañca patiṭṭhitā;
Yo pāṇamatipāteti, tīṇi duccaritāni ca.
Saṭṭhivassasahassāni, khaṇaṃ laddhāna dullabhaṃ;
Ayasāva malaṃ samuṭṭhitaṃ, catūsu paṭipattisu.
Nelaṅgo setapacchādo, atha gopālakopamaṃ;
Sukho viveko tuṭṭhassa, vitakkā ca sudesitā.
Pheṇapiṇḍopamaṃ rūpaṃ, brahā uju patāpavā;
Paññā hi seṭṭhā lokasmiṃ, anaññā tīṇi indriyāni.
Kāmesu sattā kāmasaṅgasattā, atha vaṇṇo rahassavā;
Sabbe dhammā anattāti, ariyasaccañca desitaṃ.
Eseva maggo natthañño, sotāpannoti byākare;
Yassindriyāni subhāvitāni, atha dhammapadehi ca.
Vacasā manasā ceva, pañcakkhandhā aniccato;
Yāni karoti puriso, tīṇi sucaritāni ca.
Rūpaṃ vedayitaṃ saññā, pañcakkhandhā pakāsitā;
Yo evaṃ paṭipajjati, brahmā ceva phalāni ca.
Sabbapāpassa akaraṇaṃ, vimokkhā taṃ hi desitā;
Natthi puttasamaṃ pemaṃ, devānaṃ asurāna ca.
Yaṃ pattaṃ yañca pattabbaṃ, nandati socati niccaṃ;
Ye keci bhūtā bhavissanti, satthāro ca pakāsitā.
Yañca kāmasukhaṃ loke, bojjhaṅgā ca sudesitā;
Maggānaṭṭhaṅgiko seṭṭho, tayo ca aggapattiyo.
Kāyena saṃvaro sādhu, karaṇīyañca desitaṃ;
Natthi attasamaṃ pemaṃ, ariyā tīṇi ca desitā.
Kāyena kusalaṃ abhirato, vinayañca kāmasukhaṃ loke;
Bojjhaṅgā ca sudesitā, duddasaṃ anataṃ ceva parāparaṃ ca;
Peṭakopadese sāsanappaṭṭhānaṃ nāma dutiyabhūmi samattā.
* Bài viết trích trong Khuddakanikāya >> Suttapiṭaka >> Tipiṭaka (Mūla), nguồn Tipitaka.org. Tải sách PDF tại đây.
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