Itivuttaka-aṭṭhakathā

Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa

Khuddakanikāye

Itivuttaka-aṭṭhakathā

Ganthārambhakathā

Mahākāruṇikaṃ nāthaṃ, ñeyyasāgarapāraguṃ;

Vande nipuṇagambhīra-vicitranayadesanaṃ.

Vijjācaraṇasampannā, yena niyyanti lokato;

Vande tamuttamaṃ dhammaṃ, sammāsambuddhapūjitaṃ.

Sīlādiguṇasampanno, ṭhito maggaphalesu yo;

Vande ariyasaṅghaṃ taṃ, puññakkhettaṃ anuttaraṃ.

Vandanājanitaṃ puññaṃ, iti yaṃ ratanattaye;

Hatantarāyo sabbattha, hutvāhaṃ tassa tejasā.

Ekakādippabhedena , desitāni mahesinā;

Lobhādīnaṃ pahānāni, dīpanāni visesato.

Suttāni ekato katvā, itivuttapadakkharaṃ;

Dhammasaṅgāhakā therā, saṅgāyiṃsu mahesayo.

Itivuttakamicceva, nāmena vasino pure;

Yaṃ khuddakanikāyasmiṃ, gambhīratthapadakkamaṃ.

Tassa gambhīrañāṇehi, ogāhetabbabhāvato;

Kiñcāpi dukkarā kātuṃ, atthasaṃvaṇṇanā mayā.

Sahasaṃvaṇṇanaṃ yasmā, dharate satthu sāsanaṃ;

Pubbācariyasīhānaṃ, tiṭṭhateva vinicchayo.

Tasmā taṃ avalambitvā, ogāhetvāna pañcapi;

Nikāye upanissāya, porāṇaṭṭhakathānayaṃ.

Nissitaṃ vācanāmaggaṃ, suvisuddhaṃ anākulaṃ;

Mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ, nipuṇatthavinicchayaṃ.

Punappunāgataṃ atthaṃ, vajjayitvāna sādhukaṃ;

Yathābalaṃ karissāmi, itivuttakavaṇṇanaṃ.

Iti ākaṅkhamānassa, saddhammassa ciraṭṭhitiṃ;

Vibhajantassa tassatthaṃ, nisāmayatha sādhavoti.

Tattha itivuttakaṃ nāma ekakanipāto, dukanipāto, tikanipāto, catukkanipātoti catunipātasaṅgahaṃ. Tampi vinayapiṭakaṃ, suttantapiṭakaṃ, abhidhammapiṭakanti tīsu piṭakesu suttantapiṭakapariyāpannaṃ; dīghanikāyo majjhimanikāyo, saṃyuttanikāyo, aṅguttaranikāyo, khuddakanikāyoti pañcasu nikāyesu khuddakanikāyapariyāpannaṃ; suttaṃ, geyyaṃ, veyyākaraṇaṃ, gāthā, udānaṃ, itivuttakaṃ, jātakaṃ, abbhutadhammaṃ, vedallanti navasu sāsanaṅgesu itivuttakaṅgabhūtaṃ.

‘‘Dvāsīti buddhato gaṇhiṃ, dvesahassāni bhikkhuto;

Caturāsīti sahassāni, ye me dhammā pavattino’’ti. (theragā. 1027) –

Evaṃ dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena paṭiññātesu caturāsītiyā dhammakkhandhasahassesu katipayadhammakkhandhasaṅgahaṃ. Suttato ekakanipāte tāva sattavīsati suttāni, dukanipāte dvāvīsati, tikanipāte paññāsa, catukkanipāte terasāti dvādasādhikasuttasatasaṅgahaṃ. Tassa nipātesu ekakanipāto ādi, vaggesu pāṭibhogavaggo, suttesu lobhasuttaṃ. Tassāpi ‘‘vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā’’tiādikaṃ āyasmatā ānandena paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikāle vuttaṃ nidānamādi. Sā panāyaṃ paṭhamamahāsaṅgīti vinayapiṭake tantimāruḷhā eva. Yo panettha nidānakosallatthaṃ vattabbo kathāmaggo , sopi sumaṅgalavilāsiniyā dīghanikāya-aṭṭhakathāya vitthārato vuttoyevāti tattha vuttanayeneva veditabbo.

Nidānavaṇṇanā

Yaṃ panetaṃ vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatātiādikaṃ nidānaṃ. Ekadhammaṃ, bhikkhave, pajahathātiādikaṃ suttaṃ. Tattha vuttaṃ bhagavatātiādīni nāmapadāni. Itīti nipātapadaṃ. Pajahathāti ettha pa-iti upasaggapadaṃ, jahathā-ti ākhyātapadaṃ. Iminā nayena sabbattha padavibhāgo veditabbo.

Atthato pana vuttasaddo tāva saupasaggo anupasaggo ca vapane vāpasamakaraṇe kesohāraṇe jīvitavuttiyaṃ pavuttabhāve pāvacanabhāvena pavattite ajjhesane kathaneti evamādīsu dissati. Tathā hesa –

‘‘Gāvo tassa pajāyanti, khette vuttaṃ virūhati;

Vuttānaṃ phalamasnāti, yo mittānaṃ na dubbhatī’’ti. –

Ādīsu (jā. 2.22.19) vapane āgato. ‘‘No ca kho paṭivutta’’ntiādīsu (pārā. 289) aṭṭhadantakādīhi vāpasamakaraṇe. ‘‘Kāpaṭiko māṇavo daharo vuttasiro’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 2.426) kesohāraṇe. ‘‘Pannalomo paradattavutto migabhūtena cetasā viharatī’’tiādīsu (cūḷava. 332) jīvitavuttiyaṃ. ‘‘Seyyathāpi nāma paṇḍupalāso bandhanā pavutto abhabbo haritatthāyā’’tiādīsu (pārā. 92; pāci. 666; mahāva. 129) bandhanato pavuttabhāve. ‘‘Yesamidaṃ etarahi, brāhmaṇā, porāṇaṃ mantapadaṃ gītaṃ pavuttaṃ samihita’’ntiādīsu pāvacanabhāvena pavattite. Loke pana – ‘‘vutto gaṇo vutto pārāyano’’tiādīsu ajjhene. ‘‘Vuttaṃ kho panetaṃ bhagavatā dhammadāyādā me, bhikkhave, bhavatha, mā āmisadāyādā’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.30) kathane. Idhāpi kathane daṭṭhabbo. Tasmā vuttaṃ kathitaṃ bhāsitanti attho.

Dutiyo pana vuttasaddo vacane ciṇṇabhāve ca veditabbo. Hi-iti jātu vibyattanti etasmiṃ atthe nipāto. So idāni vuccamānasuttassa bhagavato vibyattaṃ bhāsitabhāvaṃ joteti. Vācakasaddasannidhāne hi payuttā nipātā. Tehi vattabbamatthaṃ jotenti. Etanti ayaṃ etasaddo –

‘‘Yo ca buddhañca dhammañca, saṅghañca saraṇaṃ gato;

Cattāri ariyasaccāni, sammappaññāya passati.

‘‘Dukkhaṃ dukkhasamuppādaṃ, dukkhassa ca atikkamaṃ;

Ariyañcaṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ, dukkhūpasamagāminaṃ.

‘‘Etaṃ kho saraṇaṃ khemaṃ, etaṃ saraṇamuttamaṃ;

Etaṃ saraṇamāgamma, sabbadukkhā pamuccatī’’ti. (dha. pa. 190-192) –

Ādīsu yathāvutte āsannapaccakkhe āgato. ‘‘Appamattakaṃ kho panetaṃ, bhikkhave, oramattakaṃ sīlamattakaṃ, yena puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyyā’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 1.7) pana vakkhamāne āsannapaccakkhe. Idhāpi vakkhamāneyeva daṭṭhabbo. Saṅgāyanavasena vakkhamānañhi suttaṃ dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena buddhiyaṃ ṭhapetvā tadā ‘‘eta’’nti vuttaṃ.

Bhagavatāti ettha bhagavāti garuvacanaṃ. Garuṃ hi loke bhagavāti vadanti. Tathāgato ca sabbaguṇavisiṭṭhatāya sattānaṃ garu, tasmā bhagavāti veditabbo. Porāṇehipi vuttaṃ –

‘‘Bhagavāti vacanaṃ seṭṭhaṃ, bhagavāti vacanamuttamaṃ;

Garu gāravayutto so, bhagavā tena vuccatī’’ti.

Seṭṭhavācakañhi vacanaṃ seṭṭhaguṇasahacaraṇato seṭṭhanti vuttaṃ. Atha vā vuccatīti vacanaṃ, attho. Tasmā bhagavātivacanaṃ seṭṭhanti bhagavāti iminā vacanena vacanīyo yo attho, so seṭṭhoti attho. Bhagavāti vacanamuttamanti etthāpi eseva nayo. Gāravayuttoti garubhāvayutto garuguṇayogato, garukaraṇaṃ vā sātisayaṃ arahatīti gāravayutto, gāravārahoti attho. Evaṃ guṇavisiṭṭhasattuttamagarugāravādhivacanametaṃ yadidaṃ bhagavāti. Apica –

‘‘Bhagī bhajī bhāgī vibhattavā iti,

Akāsi bhagganti garūti bhāgyavā;

Bahūhi ñāyehi subhāvitattano,

Bhavantago so bhagavāti vuccatī’’ti. –

Niddese āgatanayena –

‘‘Bhāgyavā bhaggavā yutto, bhagehi ca vibhattavā;

Bhattavā vantagamano, bhavesu bhagavā tato’’ti.

Imissā gāthāya ca vasena bhagavāti padassa attho vattabbo. So panāyaṃ attho sabbākārena visuddhimagge buddhānussatiniddese vuttoti. Tattha vuttanayeneva veditabbo.

Aparo nayo – bhāgavāti bhagavā, bhatavāti bhagavā, bhāge vanīti bhagavā, bhage vanīti bhagavā, bhattavāti bhagavā, bhage vamīti bhagavā, bhāge vamīti bhagavā.

‘‘Bhāgavā bhatavā bhāge, bhage ca vani bhattavā;

Bhage vami tathā bhāge, vamīti bhagavā jino’’.

Tattha kathaṃ bhāgavāti bhagavā? Ye te sīlādayo dhammakkhandhā guṇakoṭṭhāsā, te anaññasādhāraṇā niratisayā tathāgatassa atthi upalabbhanti. Tathā hissa sīlaṃ, samādhi, paññā, vimutti, vimuttiñāṇadassanaṃ, hirī, ottappaṃ, saddhā, vīriyaṃ, sati, sampajaññaṃ, sīlavisuddhi, cittavisuddhi, diṭṭhivisuddhi, samatho, vipassanā, tīṇi kusalamūlāni, tīṇi sucaritāni, tayo sammāvitakkā, tisso anavajjasaññā, tisso dhātuyo, cattāro satipaṭṭhānā, cattāro sammappadhānā, cattāro iddhipādā, cattāro ariyamaggā, cattāri ariyaphalāni , catasso paṭisambhidā, catuyoniparicchedakañāṇāni, cattāro ariyavaṃsā, cattāri vesārajjañāṇāni, pañca padhāniyaṅgāni, pañcaṅgiko sammāsamādhi, pañcañāṇiko sammāsamādhi, pañcindriyāni, pañca balāni, pañca nissāraṇīyā dhātuyo, pañca vimuttāyatanañāṇāni, pañca vimuttiparipācanīyā saññā, cha anussatiṭṭhānāni, cha gāravā, cha nissāraṇīyā dhātuyo, cha satatavihārā, cha anuttariyāni, cha nibbedhabhāgiyā saññā, cha abhiññā, cha asādhāraṇañāṇāni, satta aparihāniyā dhammā, satta ariyadhanāni, satta bojjhaṅgā, satta sappurisadhammā, satta nijjaravatthūni, satta saññā, satta dakkhiṇeyyapuggaladesanā, satta khīṇāsavabaladesanā, aṭṭha paññāpaṭilābhahetudesanā, aṭṭhasammattāni, aṭṭha lokadhammātikkamo, aṭṭha ārambhavatthūni, aṭṭha akkhaṇadesanā, aṭṭha mahāpurisavitakkā, aṭṭha abhibhāyatanadesanā, aṭṭha vimokkhā, nava yonisomanasikāramūlakā dhammā, nava pārisuddhipadhāniyaṅgāni, nava sattāvāsadesanā, nava āghātappaṭivinayā, nava saññā, nava nānattā, nava anupubbavihārā, dasa nāthakaraṇā dhammā, dasa kasiṇāyatanāni, dasa kusalakammapathā, dasa sammattāni, dasa ariyavāsā, dasa asekkhā dhammā, dasa tathāgatabalāni, ekādasa mettānisaṃsā, dvādasa dhammacakkākārā, terasa dhutaguṇā, cuddasa buddhañāṇāni, pañcadasa vimuttiparipācanīyā dhammā, soḷasavidhā ānāpānassati, soḷasa aparantapanīyā dhammā, aṭṭhārasa buddhadhammā, ekūnavīsati paccavekkhaṇañāṇāni, catucattālīsa ñāṇavatthūni, paññāsa udayabbayañāṇāni, paropaṇṇāsa kusaladhammā, sattasattati ñāṇavatthūni, catuvīsatikoṭisatasahassasamāpattisañcārimahāvajirañāṇaṃ, anantanayasamantapaṭṭhānapavicayapaccavekkhaṇadesanāñāṇāni, tathā anantāsu lokadhātūsu anantānaṃ sattānaṃ āsayādivibhāvanañāṇāni cāti, evamādayo anantā aparimāṇabhedā anaññasādhāraṇā niratisayā guṇabhāgā guṇakoṭṭhāsā vijjanti upalabbhanti. Tasmā yathāvuttavibhāgā guṇabhāgā assa atthīti bhāgavāti vattabbe. Ākārassa rassattaṃ katvā ‘‘bhagavā’’ti vutto. Evaṃ tāva bhāgavāti bhagavā.

‘‘Yasmā sīlādayo sabbe, guṇabhāgā asesato;

Vijjanti sugate tasmā, bhagavāti pavuccati’’.

Kathaṃ bhatavāti bhagavā? Ye te sabbalokahitāya ussukkamāpannehi manussattādike aṭṭha dhamme samodhānetvā sammāsambodhiyā katamahābhinīhārehi mahābodhisattehi paripūretabbā dānapāramī, sīlanekkhammapaññāvīriyakhantisaccaadhiṭṭhānamettāupekkhāpāramīti dasa pāramiyo, dasa upapāramiyo, dasa paramatthapāramiyoti samatiṃsa pāramiyo, dānādīni cattāri saṅgahavatthūni, cattāri adhiṭṭhānāni, attapariccāgo, nayanadhanarajjaputtadārapariccāgoti pañca mahāpariccāgā, pubbayogo, pubbacariyā, dhammakkhānaṃ, lokatthacariyā, ñātatthacariyā, buddhatthacariyāti evamādayo saṅkhepato vā puññasambhārañāṇasambhārā buddhakaradhammā, te mahābhinīhārato paṭṭhāya kappānaṃ satasahassādhikāni cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni yathā hānabhāgiyā, saṃkilesabhāgiyā , ṭhitibhāgiyā, vā na honti; atha kho uttaruttari visesabhāgiyāva honti; evaṃ sakkaccaṃ nirantaraṃ anavasesato bhatā sambhatā assa atthīti bhatavāti bhagavā; niruttinayena takārassa gakāraṃ katvā. Atha vā bhatavāti teyeva yathāvutte buddhakaradhamme vuttanayena bhari sambhari paripūresīti attho. Evampi bhatavāti bhagavā.

‘‘Yasmā sambodhiyā sabbe, dānapāramiādike;

Sambhāre bhatavā nātho, tasmāpi bhagavā mato’’.

Kathaṃ bhāge vanīti bhagavā? Ye te catuvīsatikoṭisatasahassasaṅkhā devasikaṃ vaḷañjanakasamāpattibhāgā, te anavasesato lokahitatthaṃ attano diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāratthañca niccakappaṃ vani bhaji sevi bahulamakāsīti bhāge vanīti bhagavā. Atha vā abhiññeyyesu dhammesu kusalādīsu khandhādīsu ca ye te pariññeyyādivasena saṅkhepato vā catubbidhā abhisamayabhāgā, vitthārato pana ‘‘cakkhu pariññeyyaṃ …pe… jarāmaraṇaṃ pariññeyya’’ntiādinā (paṭi. ma. 1.21) aneke pariññeyyabhāgā, ‘‘cakkhussa samudayo pahātabbo…pe… jarāmaraṇassa samudayo pahātabbo’’tiādinā pahātabbabhāgā, ‘‘cakkhussa nirodho sacchikātabbo…pe… jarāmaraṇassa nirodho sacchikātabbo’’tiādinā sacchikātabbabhāgā, ‘‘cakkhunirodhagāminīpaṭipadā bhāvetabbā…pe… cattāro satipaṭṭhānā bhāvetabbā’’tiādinā ca anekabhedā bhāvetabbabhāgā ca dhammā, te sabbe vani bhaji yathārahaṃ gocarabhāvanāsevanānaṃ vasena sevi. Evampi bhāge vanīti bhagavā. Atha vā ye ime sīlādayo dhammakkhandhā sāvakehi sādhāraṇā guṇakoṭṭhāsā guṇabhāgā, kinti nu kho te veneyyasantānesu patiṭṭhapeyyanti mahākaruṇāya vani abhipatthayi. Sā cassa abhipatthanā yathādhippetaphalāvahā ahosi. Evampi bhāge vanīti bhagavā.

‘‘Yasmā ñeyyasamāpatti-guṇabhāge tathāgato;

Bhaji patthayi sattānaṃ, hitāya bhagavā tato’’.

Kathaṃ bhage vanīti bhagavā? Samāsato tāva katapuññehi payogasampannehi yathāvibhavaṃ bhajīyantīti bhagā, lokiyalokuttarā sampattiyo. Tattha lokiye tāva tathāgato sambodhito pubbe bodhisattabhūto paramukkaṃsagate vani bhaji sevi, yattha patiṭṭhāya niravasesato buddhakaradhamme samannānento buddhadhamme paripācesi. Buddhabhūto pana te niravajjasukhūpasaṃhite anaññasādhāraṇe lokuttarepi vani bhaji sevi. Vitthārato pana padesarajjaissariyacakkavattisampattidevarajjasampattiādivasena jhānavimokkhasamādhisamāpattiñāṇadassanamaggabhāvanāphala- sacchikiriyādiuttarimanussadhammavasena ca anekavihite anaññasādhāraṇe bhage vani bhaji sevi. Evaṃ bhage vanīti bhagavā.

‘‘Yā tā sampattiyo loke, yā ca lokuttarā puthū;

Sabbā tā bhaji sambuddho, tasmāpi bhagavā mato’’.

Kathaṃ bhattavāti bhagavā? Bhattā daḷhabhattikā assa bahū atthīti bhagavā. Tathāgato hi mahākaruṇāsabbaññutaññāṇādiaparimitanirupamappabhāvaguṇavisesasamaṅgibhāvato sabbasattuttamo, sabbānatthaparihārapubbaṅgamāya niravasesahitasukhavidhānatapparāya niratisayāya payogasampattiyā sadevamanussāya pajāya accantūpakāritāya dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇaasītianubyañjanabyāmappabhādi- anaññasādhāraṇaguṇavisesapaṭimaṇḍitarūpakāyatāya, yathābhuccaguṇādhigatena ‘‘itipi so bhagavā’’tiādinayappavattena lokattayabyāpinā suvipulena suvisuddhena ca thutighosena samannāgatattā ukkaṃsapāramippattāsu appicchatāsantuṭṭhitādīsu suppatiṭṭhitabhāvato dasabalacatuvesārajjādiniratisayaguṇavisesasamaṅgibhāvato ca rūpappamāṇo rūpappasanno, ghosappamāṇo ghosappasanno, lūkhappamāṇo lūkhappasanno, dhammappamāṇo dhammappasannoti evaṃ catuppamāṇike lokasannivāse sabbathāpi pasādāvahabhāvena samantapāsādikattā aparimāṇānaṃ sattānaṃ sadevamanussānaṃ ādarabahumānagāravāyatanatāya paramapemasambhattiṭṭhānaṃ. Ye ca tassa ovāde patiṭṭhitā aveccappasādena samannāgatā honti, kenaci asaṃhāriyā tesaṃ sambhatti samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā. Tathā hi te attano jīvitapariccāgepi tattha pasādaṃ na pariccajanti, tassa vā āṇaṃ daḷhabhattibhāvato. Tenevāha –

‘‘Yo ve kataññū katavedi dhīro;

Kalyāṇamitto daḷhabhatti ca hotī’’ti. (jā. 2.17.78);

‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, mahāsamuddo ṭhitadhammo velaṃ nātivattati; evameva kho, bhikkhave, yaṃ mayā sāvakānaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ, taṃ mama sāvakā jīvitahetupi nātikkamantī’’ti (a. ni. 8.20; udā. 45; cūḷava. 385) ca.

Evaṃ bhattavāti bhagavā niruttinayena ekassa takārassa lopaṃ katvā itarassa gakāraṃ katvā.

‘‘Guṇātisayayuttassa, yasmā lokahitesino;

Sambhattā bahavo satthu, bhagavā tena vuccatī’’ti.

Kathaṃ bhage vamīti bhagavā? Yasmā tathāgato bodhisattabhūtopi purimāsu jātīsu pāramiyo pūrento bhagasaṅkhātaṃ siriṃ issariyaṃ yasañca vami uggiri kheḷapiṇḍaṃ viya anapekkho chaḍḍayi. Tathā hissa somanassakumārakāle, hatthipālakumārakāle, ayogharapaṇḍitakāle, mūgapakkhapaṇḍitakāle, cūḷasutasomakāleti evamādīsu nekkhammapāramipūraṇavasena devarajjasadisāya rajjasiriyā pariccattattabhāvānaṃ parimāṇaṃ natthi. Carimattabhāvepi hatthagataṃ cakkavattisiriṃ devalokādhipaccasadisaṃ catuddīpissariyaṃ cakkavattisampattisannissayaṃ sattaratanasamujjalaṃ yasañca tiṇāyapi amaññamāno nirapekkho pahāya abhinikkhamitvā sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddho. Tasmā ime siriādike bhage vamīti bhagavā. Atha vā bhāni nāma nakkhattāni, tehi samaṃ gacchanti pavattantīti bhagā , sineruyugandharauttarakuruhimavantādibhājanalokavisesasannissayā sobhā kappaṭṭhitiyabhāvato. Tepi bhagavā vami taṃnivāsisattāvāsasamatikkamanatotappaṭibaddhachandarāgappahānena pajahīti. Evampi bhage vamīti bhagavā.

‘‘Cakkavattisiriṃ yasmā, yasaṃ issariyaṃ sukhaṃ;

Pahāsi lokacittañca, sugato bhagavā tato’’.

Kathaṃ bhāge vamīti bhagavā? Bhāgā nāma koṭṭhāsā. Te khandhāyatanadhātādivasena, tatthāpi rūpavedanādivasena, atītādivasena ca anekavidhā. Te ca bhagavā sabbaṃ papañcaṃ, sabbaṃ yogaṃ, sabbaṃ ganthaṃ, sabbaṃ saṃyojanaṃ, samucchinditvā amatadhātuṃ samadhigacchanto vami uggiri anapekkho chaḍḍayi, na paccāgami. Tathā hesa sabbatthakameva pathaviṃ, āpaṃ, tejaṃ, vāyaṃ, cakkhuṃ, sotaṃ, ghānaṃ, jīvhaṃ, kāyaṃ, manaṃ, rūpe, sadde, gandhe, rase, phoṭṭhabbe, dhamme, cakkhuviññāṇaṃ…pe… manoviññāṇaṃ, cakkhusamphassaṃ …pe… manosamphassaṃ, cakkhusamphassajaṃ vedanaṃ…pe… manosamphassajaṃ vedanaṃ, cakkhusamphassajaṃ saññaṃ…pe… manosamphassajaṃ saññaṃ; cakkhusamphassajaṃ cetanaṃ…pe… manosamphassajaṃ cetanaṃ; rūpataṇhaṃ …pe… dhammataṇhaṃ; rūpavitakkaṃ…pe… dhammavitakkaṃ; rūpavicāraṃ…pe… dhammavicārantiādinā anupadadhammavibhāgavasenapi sabbeva dhammakoṭṭhāse anavasesato vami uggiri anapekkhapariccāgena chaḍḍayi. Vuttañhetaṃ –

‘‘Yaṃ taṃ, ānanda, cattaṃ vantaṃ muttaṃ pahīnaṃ paṭinissaṭṭhaṃ, taṃ tathāgato puna paccāgamissatīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjatī’’ti. (Dī. ni. 2.183) –

Evampi bhāge vamīti bhagavā. Atha vā bhāge vamīti sabbepi kusalākusale sāvajjānavajje hīnappaṇīte kaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāge dhamme ariyamaggañāṇamukhena vami uggiri anapekkho pariccaji pajahi, paresañca tathattāya dhammaṃ desesi. Vuttampi cetaṃ –

‘‘Dhammāpi vo, bhikkhave, pahātabbā pageva adhammā, kullūpamaṃ, vo bhikkhave, dhammaṃ desessāmi, nittharaṇatthāya no gahaṇatthāyā’’tiādi. (Ma. ni. 1.240) –

Evampi bhāge vamīti bhagavā.

‘‘Khandhāyatanadhātādi-dhammabhedā mahesinā;

Kaṇhasukkā yato vantā, tatopi bhagavā mato’’.

Tena vuttaṃ –

‘‘Bhāgavā bhatavā bhāge, bhage ca vani bhattavā;

Bhage vami tathā bhāge, vamīti bhagavā jino’’ti.

Tena bhagavatā. Arahatāti kilesehi ārakattā, anavasesānaṃ vā kilesārīnaṃ hatattā, saṃsāracakkassa vā arānaṃ hatattā, paccayādīnaṃ arahattā, pāpakaraṇe rahābhāvāti imehi kāraṇehi arahatā. Ayamettha saṅkhepo. Vitthāro pana visuddhimagge vuttanayena veditabbo.

Ettha ca bhagavatāti imināssa bhāgyavantatādīpanena kappānaṃ anekesu asaṅkhyeyyesu upacitapuññasambhārabhāvato satapuññalakkhaṇadharassa dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇaasītianubyañjana- byāmappabhāketumālādipaṭimaṇḍitā anaññasādhāraṇā rūpakāyasampattidīpitā hoti. Arahatāti imināssa anavasesakilesappahānadīpanena āsavakkhayapadaṭṭhānasabbaññutaññāṇādhigamaparidīpanato dasabalacatuvesārajjachaasādhāraṇañāṇaaṭṭhārasāveṇikabuddhadhammādi- acinteyyāparimeyyadhammakāyasampatti dīpitā hoti. Tadubhayenapi lokiyasarikkhakānaṃ bahumatabhāvo, gahaṭṭhapabbajitehi abhigamanīyatā, tathā abhigatānañca tesaṃ kāyikacetasikadukkhāpanayane paṭibalabhāvo, āmisadānadhammadānehi upakāritā, lokiyalokuttarehi guṇehi saṃyojanasamatthatā ca pakāsitā hoti.

Tathā bhagavatāti iminā caraṇadhammesu muddhabhūtadibbavihārādivihāravisesasamāyogaparidīpanena caraṇasampadā dīpitā hoti. Arahatāti iminā sabbavijjāsu sikhāppattaāsavakkhayañāṇādhigamaparidīpanena vijjāsampadā dīpitā hoti. Purimena vā antarāyikaniyyānikadhammānaṃ aviparītavibhattabhāvadīpanena pacchimavesārajjadvayasamāyogo, pacchimena savāsananiravasesakilesappahānadīpanena purimavesārajjadvayasamāyogo vibhāvito hoti.

Tathā purimena tathāgatassa paṭiññāsaccavacīsaccañāṇasaccaparidīpanena, kāmaguṇalokiyādhipaccayasalābhasakkārādipariccāgaparidīpanena, anavasesakilesābhisaṅkhārapariccāgaparidīpanena, ca saccādhiṭṭhānacāgādhiṭṭhānapāripūri pakāsitā hoti; dutiyena sabbasaṅkhārūpasamasamadhigamaparidīpanena, sammāsambodhiparidīpanena ca, upasamādhiṭṭhānapaññādhiṭṭhānapāripūri pakāsitā hoti. Tathā hi bhagavato bodhisattabhūtassa lokuttaraguṇe katābhinīhārassa mahākaruṇāyogena yathāpaṭiññaṃ sabbapāramitānuṭṭhānena saccādhiṭṭhānaṃ, pāramitāpaṭipakkhapariccāgena cāgādhiṭṭhānaṃ, pāramitāguṇehi cittavūpasamena upasamādhiṭṭhānaṃ, pāramitāhi eva parahitūpāyakosallato paññādhiṭṭhānaṃ pāripūrigataṃ.

Tathā ‘yācakajanaṃ avisaṃvādetvā dassāmī’ti paṭijānanena paṭiññaṃ avisaṃvādetvā dānena ca saccādhiṭṭhānaṃ, deyyapariccāgato cāgādhiṭṭhānaṃ, deyyapaṭiggāhakadānadeyyaparikkhayesu lobhadosamohabhayavūpasamena upasamādhiṭṭhānaṃ, yathārahaṃ yathākālaṃ yathāvidhi ca dānena paññuttaratāya ca paññādhiṭṭhānaṃ pāripūrigataṃ. Iminā nayena sesapāramīsupi caturādhiṭṭhānapāripūri veditabbā. Sabbā hi pāramiyo saccappabhāvitā cāgābhibyañjitā upasamānubrūhitā paññāparisuddhāti evaṃ caturādhiṭṭhānasamudāgatassa tathāgatassa saccādhiṭṭhānaṃ saccādhiṭṭhānasamudāgamena sīlavisuddhi, cāgādhiṭṭhānasamudāgamena ājīvavisuddhi, upasamādhiṭṭhānasamudāgamena cittavisuddhi, paññādhiṭṭhānasamudāgamena diṭṭhivisuddhi. Tathā saccādhiṭṭhānasamudāgamenassa saṃvāsena sīlaṃ veditabbaṃ, cāgādhiṭṭhānasamudāgamena saṃvohārena soceyyaṃ veditabbaṃ, upasamādhiṭṭhānasamudāgamena āpadāsu thāmo veditabbo, paññādhiṭṭhānasamudāgamena sākacchāya paññā veditabbā.

Tathā saccādhiṭṭhānasamudāgamena aduṭṭho adhivāseti, cāgādhiṭṭhānasamudāgamena aluddho paṭisevati, upasamādhiṭṭhānasamudāgamena abhīto parivajjeti, paññādhiṭṭhānasamudāgamena amūḷho vinodeti. Tathā saccādhiṭṭhānasamudāgamena cassa nekkhammasukhappatti, cāgādhiṭṭhānasamudāgamena pavivekasukhappatti, upasamādhiṭṭhānasamudāgamena upasamasukhappatti, paññādhiṭṭhānasamudāgamena sambodhisukhappatti dīpitā hoti. Saccādhiṭṭhānasamudāgamena vā vivekajapītisukhappatti, cāgādhiṭṭhānasamudāgamena samādhijapītisukhappatti, upasamādhiṭṭhānasamudāgamena apītijakāyasukhappatti, paññādhiṭṭhānasamudāgamena satipārisuddhijaupekkhāsukhappatti. Tathā saccādhiṭṭhānasamudāgamena parivārasampattilakkhaṇapaccayasukhasamāyogo paridīpito hoti avisaṃvādanato, cāgādhiṭṭhānasamudāgamena santuṭṭhilakkhaṇasabhāvasukhasamāyogo alobhabhāvato, upasamādhiṭṭhānasamudāgamena katapuññatālakkhaṇahetusukhasamāyogo kilesehi anabhibhūtabhāvato, paññādhiṭṭhānasamudāgamena vimuttisampattilakkhaṇadukkhūpasamasukhasamāyogo paridīpito hoti, ñāṇasampattiyā nibbānādhigamanato.

Tathā saccādhiṭṭhānasamudāgamena ariyassa sīlakkhandhassa anubodhappaṭivedhasiddhi, cāgādhiṭṭhānasamudāgamena ariyassa samādhikkhandhassa, paññādhiṭṭhānasamudāgamena ariyassa paññākkhandhassa, upasamādhiṭṭhānasamudāgamena ariyassa vimuttikkhandhassa anubodhappaṭivedhasiddhi dīpitā hoti. Saccādhiṭṭhānaparipūraṇena ca tapasiddhi, cāgādhiṭṭhānaparipūraṇena sabbanissaggasiddhi, upasamādhiṭṭhānaparipūraṇena indriyasaṃvarasiddhi, paññādhiṭṭhānaparipūraṇena buddhisiddhi, tena ca nibbānasiddhi. Tathā saccādhiṭṭhānaparipūraṇena catuariyasaccābhisamayappaṭilābho, cāgādhiṭṭhānaparipūraṇena catuariyavaṃsappaṭilābho, 0.upasamādhiṭṭhānaparipūraṇena catuariyavihārappaṭilābho, paññādhiṭṭhānaparipūraṇena catuariyavohārappaṭilābho dīpito hoti.

Aparo nayo – bhagavatāti etena sattānaṃ lokiyalokuttarasampattiabhikaṅkhādīpanena tathāgatassa mahākaruṇā pakāsitā hoti. Arahatāti etena pahānasampattidīpanena pahānapaññā pakāsitā hoti. Tattha paññāyassa dhammarajjapatti, karuṇāya dhammasaṃvibhāgo; paññāya saṃsāradukkhanibbidā, karuṇāya saṃsāradukkhasahanaṃ; paññāya paradukkhaparijānanaṃ, karuṇāya paradukkhappaṭikārārambho. Paññāya parinibbānābhimukhabhāvo , karuṇāya tadadhigamo; paññāya sayaṃ taraṇaṃ, karuṇāya paresaṃ tāraṇaṃ; paññāya buddhabhāvasiddhi, karuṇāya buddhakiccasiddhi. Karuṇāya vā bodhisattabhūmiyaṃ saṃsārābhimukhabhāvo, paññāya tattha anabhirati. Tathā karuṇāya paresaṃ avihiṃsanaṃ, paññāya sayaṃ parehi abhāyanaṃ; karuṇāya paraṃ rakkhanto attānaṃ rakkhati, paññāya attānaṃ rakkhanto paraṃ rakkhati. Tathā karuṇāya aparantapo, paññāya anattantapo. Tena attahitāya paṭipannādīsu catutthapuggalabhāvo siddho hoti .

Tathā karuṇāya lokanāthatā, paññāya attanāthatā; karuṇāya cassa ninnatābhāvo, paññāya unnatābhāvo. Tathā karuṇāya sabbasattesu janitānuggaho, paññānugatattā na ca na sabbattha virattacitto; paññāya sabbadhammesu virattacitto, karuṇānugatattā na ca na sabbasattānuggahāya pavatto. Yathā hi karuṇā tathāgatassa sinehasokavirahitā, evaṃ paññā ahaṃkāramamaṃkāravinimuttāti aññamaññaṃ visodhitā paramavisuddhāti daṭṭhabbā. Tattha paññākhettaṃ balāni, karuṇākhettaṃ vesārajjāni. Tesu balasamāyogena parehi na abhibhuyyati, vesārajjasamāyogena pare abhibhavati. Balehi satthusampadāsiddhi, vesārajjehi sāsanasampadāsiddhi. Tathā balehi buddharatanasiddhi, vesārajjehi dhammaratanasiddhīti ayamettha ‘‘bhagavatā arahatā’’ti padadvayassa atthayojanāya mukhamattadassanaṃ.

Kasmā panettha ‘‘vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā’’ti vatvā puna ‘‘vutta’’nti vuttaṃ? Anussavapaṭikkhepena niyamadassanatthaṃ. Yathā hi kenaci parato sutvā vuttaṃ yadipi ca jānantena vuttaṃ, na teneva vuttaṃ parenapi vuttattā. Na ca taṃ tena vuttameva, apica kho sutampi, na evamidha. Bhagavatā hi parato asutvā sayambhuñāṇena attanā adhigatameva vuttanti imassa visesassa dassanatthaṃ dvikkhattuṃ ‘‘vutta’’nti vuttaṃ. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – ‘‘vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā’’ tañca kho bhagavatāva vuttaṃ, na aññena, vuttameva ca, na sutanti. Adhikavacanañhi aññamatthaṃ bodhetīti na punaruttidoso. Esa nayo ito paresupi.

Tathā pubbaracanābhāvadassanatthaṃ dvikkhattuṃ ‘‘vutta’’nti vuttaṃ. Bhagavā hi sammāsambuddhatāya ṭhānuppattikappaṭibhānena sampattaparisāya ajjhāsayānurūpaṃ dhammaṃ deseti, na tassa kāraṇā dānādīnaṃ viya pubbaracanākiccaṃ atthi. Tenetaṃ dasseti – ‘‘vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, tañca kho na pubbaracanāvasena takkapariyāhataṃ vīmaṃsānucaritaṃ, apica kho veneyyajjhāsayānurūpaṃ ṭhānaso vuttamevā’’ti.

Appaṭivattiyavacanabhāvadassanatthaṃ vā dvikkhattuṃ ‘‘vutta’’nti vuttaṃ. Yañhi bhagavatā vuttaṃ, vuttameva taṃ, na kenaci paṭikkhipituṃ sakkā akkharasampattiyā atthasampattiyā ca. Vuttaṃ hetaṃ –

‘‘Etaṃ bhagavatā bārāṇasiyaṃ isipatane migadāye anuttaraṃ dhammacakkaṃ pavattitaṃ appaṭivattiyaṃ kenaci samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā’’tiādi (saṃ. ni. 5.1081; mahāva. 17).

Aparampi vuttaṃ –

‘‘Idha, bhikkhave, āgaccheyya samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā ‘na yidaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ, yaṃ samaṇena gotamena paññattaṃ, ahamidaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ ṭhapetvā aññaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ paññāpessāmī’ti, netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjatī’’tiādi. –

Tasmā appaṭivattiyavacanabhāvadassanatthampi dvikkhattuṃ ‘‘vutta’’nti vuttaṃ.

Atha vā sotūnaṃ atthanipphādakabhāvadassanatthaṃ dvikkhattuṃ ‘‘vutta’’nti vuttaṃ. Yañhi paresaṃ āsayādiṃ ajānantena asabbaññunā adese akāle vā vuttaṃ, taṃ saccampi samānaṃ sotūnaṃ atthanipphādane asamatthatāya avuttaṃ nāma siyā, pageva asaccaṃ. Bhagavatā pana sammāsambuddhabhāvato sammadeva paresaṃ āsayādiṃ desakālaṃ atthasiddhiñca jānantena vuttaṃ ekantena sotūnaṃ yathādhippetatthanipphādanato vuttameva, natthi tassa avuttatāpariyāyo. Tasmā sotūnaṃ atthanipphādakabhāvadassanatthampi dvikkhattuṃ ‘‘vutta’’nti vuttaṃ. Apica yathā na taṃ sutaṃ nāma, yaṃ na viññātatthaṃ yañca na tathattāya paṭipannaṃ, evaṃ na taṃ vuttaṃ nāma, yaṃ na sammā paṭiggahitaṃ. Bhagavato pana vacanaṃ catassopi parisā sammadeva paṭiggahetvā tathattāya paṭipajjanti. Tasmā sammadeva paṭiggahitabhāvadassanatthampi dvikkhattuṃ ‘‘vutta’’nti vuttaṃ.

Atha vā ariyehi aviruddhavacanabhāvadassanatthaṃ dvikkhattuṃ ‘‘vutta’’nti vuttaṃ. Yathā hi bhagavā kusalākusalasāvajjānavajjabhede dhamme pavattinivattiyo sammutiparamatthe ca avisaṃvādento vadati, evaṃ dhammasenāpatippabhutayo ariyāpi bhagavati dharamāne parinibbute ca tasseva desanaṃ anugantvā vadanti, na tattha nānāvādatā. Tasmā vuttamarahatā tato parabhāge arahatā ariyasaṅghenāpīti evaṃ ariyehi aviruddhavacanabhāvadassanatthampi evaṃ vuttaṃ.

Atha vā purimehi sammāsambuddhehi vuttanayabhāvadassanatthaṃ dvikkhattuṃ ‘‘vutta’’nti vuttaṃ. Satipi hi jātigottāyuppamāṇādivisese dasabalādiguṇehi viya dhammadesanāya buddhānaṃ viseso natthi, aññamaññaṃ attanā ca te pubbenāparaṃ aviruddhameva vadanti. Tasmā vuttañhetaṃ yathā buddhehi attanā ca pubbe, idānipi amhākaṃ bhagavatā tatheva vuttaṃ arahatāti evaṃ purimabuddhehi attanā ca suttantaresu vuttanayabhāvadassanatthampi dvikkhattuṃ ‘‘vutta’’nti vuttaṃ. Tena buddhānaṃ desanāya sabbattha avirodho dīpito hoti.

Atha vā ‘‘vutta’’nti yadetaṃ dutiyaṃ padaṃ, taṃ arahantavuttabhāvavacanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā arahatāpi vuttaṃ – ‘‘ekadhammaṃ, bhikkhave’’tiādikaṃ idāni vuccamānaṃ vacananti. Atha vā ‘‘vutta’’nti yadetaṃ dutiyaṃ padaṃ, taṃ na vacanatthaṃ, atha kho vapanatthaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tenetaṃ dasseti – ‘‘vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, tañca kho na vuttamattaṃ, na kathitamattaṃ; atha kho veneyyānaṃ kusalamūlaṃ vapita’’nti attho. Atha vā yadetaṃ vuttanti dutiyaṃ padaṃ, taṃ vattanatthaṃ. Ayaṃ hissa attho – vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā arahatā, tañca kho na vuttamattaṃ, apica tadatthajātaṃ vuttaṃ caritanti. Tena ‘‘yathā vādī bhagavā tathā kārī’’ti dasseti. Atha vā vuttaṃ bhagavatā, vuttavacanaṃ arahatā vattuṃ yuttenāti attho.

Atha vā ‘‘vutta’’nti saṅkhepakathāuddisanaṃ sandhāyāha, puna ‘‘vutta’’nti vitthārakathānidassanaṃ. Bhagavā hi saṅkhepato vitthārato ca dhammaṃ deseti. Atha vā bhagavato duruttavacanābhāvadassanatthaṃ ‘‘vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā’’ti vatvā puna ‘‘vutta’’nti vuttaṃ. Sabbadā ñāṇānugatavacīkammatāya hi bhagavato savāsanapahīnasabbadosassa akkhalitabyappathassa kadācipi duruttaṃ nāma natthi. Yathā keci loke satisammosena vā davā vā ravā vā kiñci vatvā atha paṭiladdhasaññā pubbe vuttaṃ avuttaṃ vā karonti paṭisaṅkharonti vā, na evaṃ bhagavā. Bhagavā pana niccakālaṃ samāhito. Asammosadhammo asammohadhammo ca sabbaññutaññāṇasamupabyūḷhāya paṭibhānapaṭisambhidāya upanītamatthaṃ aparimitakālaṃ sambhatapuññasambhārasamudāgatehi anaññasādhāraṇehi visadavisuddhehi karaṇavisesehi sotāyatanarasāyanabhūtaṃ suṇantānaṃ amatavassaṃ vassanto viya sotabbasāraṃ savanānuttariyaṃ catusaccaṃ pakāsento karavīkarutamañjunā sarena sabhāvaniruttiyā veneyyajjhāsayānurūpaṃ vacanaṃ vadati, natthi tattha vālaggamattampi avakkhalitaṃ, kuto pana duruttāvakāso. Tasmā ‘‘yaṃ bhagavatā vuttaṃ, taṃ vuttameva, na avuttaṃ duruttaṃ vā kadāci hotī’’ti dassanatthaṃ – ‘‘vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā’’ti vatvā puna – ‘‘vuttamarahatā’’ti vuttanti na ettha punaruttidosoti. Evamettha punaruttasaddassa sātthakatā veditabbā.

Iti me sutanti ettha itīti ayaṃ itisaddo hetuparisamāpanādipadatthavipariyāyapakāranidassanāvadhāraṇādianekatthappabhedo. Tathā hesa – ‘‘ruppatīti kho, bhikkhave, tasmā rūpanti vuccatī’’tiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 3.79) hetuatthe dissati. ‘‘Tasmātiha me, bhikkhave, dhammadāyādā bhavatha, mā āmisadāyādā. Atthi me tumhesu anukampā – kinti me sāvakā dhammadāyādā bhaveyyuṃ, no āmisadāyādā’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.30) parisamāpane. ‘‘Iti vā iti evarūpā visūkadassanā paṭivirato’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 1.10) ādiatthe. ‘‘Māgaṇḍiyoti vā tassa brāhmaṇassa saṅkhā samaññā paññatti vohāro nāmaṃ nāmakammaṃ nāmadheyyaṃ nirutti byañjanaṃ abhilāpo’’tiādīsu (mahāni. 75) padatthavipariyāye. ‘‘Iti kho, bhikkhave, sappaṭibhayo bālo, appaṭibhayo paṇḍito; saupaddavo bālo, anupaddavo paṇḍito; saupasaggo bālo , anupasaggo paṇḍito’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 3.1) pakāre. ‘‘Sabbamatthīti kho, kaccāna, ayameko anto, sabbaṃ natthīti kho, kaccāna, ayaṃ dutiyo anto’’tiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 2.15) nidassane . ‘‘Atthi idappaccayā jarāmaraṇanti iti puṭṭhena satā, ānanda, atthītissa vacanīyaṃ. Kiṃpaccayā jarāmaraṇanti iti ce vadeyya, jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇanti iccassa vacanīya’’ntiādīsu (dī. ni. 2.96) avadhāraṇe, sanniṭṭhāneti attho. Svāyamidha pakāranidassanāvadhāraṇesu daṭṭhabbo.

Tattha pakāratthena itisaddena etamatthaṃ dīpeti – nānānayanipuṇamanekajjhāsayasamuṭṭhānaṃ atthabyañjanasampannaṃ vividhapāṭihāriyaṃ dhammatthadesanāpaṭivedhagambhīraṃ sabbasattānaṃ sakasakabhāsānurūpato sotapathamāgacchantaṃ tassa bhagavato vacanaṃ sabbappakārena ko samattho viññātuṃ, sabbathāmena pana sotukāmataṃ janetvāpi iti me sutaṃ, mayāpi ekena pakārena sutanti.

Ettha ca ekattanānattaabyāpāraevaṃdhammatāsaṅkhātā nandiyāvattatipukkhalasīhavikkīḷitadisālocanaaṅkusasaṅkhātā ca visayādibhedena nānāvidhā nayā nānānayā. Nayā vā pāḷigatiyo, tā ca paññattianupaññattiādivasena saṃkilesabhāgiyādilokiyāditadubhayavomissatādivasena, kusalādivasena, khandhādivasena, saṅgahādivasena, samayavimuttādivasena, ṭhapanādivasena, kusalamūlādivasena, tikapaṭṭhānādivasena ca nānappakārāti nānānayā. Tehi nipuṇaṃ saṇhaṃ sukhumanti nānānayanipuṇaṃ.

Āsayova ajjhāsayo, so ca sassatādibhedena apparajakkhatādibhedena ca anekavidho. Attajjhāsayādiko eva vā aneko ajjhāsayo anekajjhāsayo. So samuṭṭhānaṃ uppattihetu etassāti anekajjhāsayasamuṭṭhānaṃ.

Kusalādiatthasampattiyā tabbibhāvanabyañjanasampattiyā saṅkāsanapakāsanavivaraṇavibhajanauttānīkaraṇapaññattivasena chahi atthapadehi akkharapadabyañjanākāraniruttiniddesavasena chahi byañjanapadehi ca samannāgatattā atthabyañjanasampannaṃ.

Iddhiādesanānusāsanībhedena tesu ca ekekassa visayādibhedena vividhaṃ bahuvidhaṃ vā pāṭihāriyaṃ etassāti vividhapāṭihāriyaṃ. Tattha paṭipakkhaharaṇato rāgādikilesāpanayanato paṭihāriyanti atthe sati bhagavato paṭipakkhā rāgādayo na santi ye haritabbā, puthujjanānampi vigatūpakkilese aṭṭhaguṇasamannāgate citte hatapaṭipakkhe iddhividhaṃ pavattati. Tasmā tattha pavattavohārena ca na sakkā idha pāṭihāriyanti vattuṃ. Yasmmāā pana mahākāruṇikassa bhagavato veneyyagatā ca kilesā paṭipakkhā, tasmā tesaṃ haraṇato pāṭihāriyaṃ. Atha vā bhagavato sāsanassa ca paṭipakkhā titthiyā, tesaṃ haraṇato pāṭihāriyaṃ. Te hi diṭṭhiharaṇavasena diṭṭhippakāsane asamatthabhāvena ca iddhiādesanānusāsanīhi haritā apanītā honti. Paṭīti vā pacchāti attho. Tasmā samāhite citte vigatūpakkilese katakiccena pacchā haritabbaṃ pavattetabbanti paṭihāriyaṃ. Attano vā upakkilesesu catutthajjhānamaggehi haritesu pacchā haraṇaṃ paṭihāriyaṃ. Iddhiādesanānusāsaniyo ca vigatūpakkilesena katakiccena sattahitatthaṃ puna pavattetabbā, haritesu ca attano upakkilesesu parasantāne upakkilesaharaṇāni hontīti paṭihāriyāni bhavanti. Paṭihāriyameva pāṭihāriyaṃ, paṭihāriye vā iddhiādesanānusāsanisamudāye bhavaṃ ekekaṃ pāṭihāriyanti vuccati. Paṭihāriyaṃ vā catutthajjhānaṃ maggo ca paṭipakkhaharaṇato, tattha jātaṃ, tasmiṃ vā nimittabhūte, tato vā āgatanti pāṭihāriyaṃ.

Yasmā pana tantiatthadesanātabbohārābhisamayasaṅkhātā hetuhetuphalatadubhayapaññattipaṭivedhasaṅkhātā vā dhammatthadesanāpaṭivedhā gambhīrā, anupacitasambhārehi sasādīhi viya mahāsamuddo dukkhogāḷhā alabbhaneyyappatiṭṭhā ca. Tasmā tehi catūhi gambhīrabhāvehi yuttanti dhammatthadesanāpaṭivedhagambhīraṃ.

Eko eva bhagavato dhammadesanāghoso ekasmiṃ khaṇe pavattamāno nānābhāsānaṃ sattānaṃ attano attano bhāsāvasena apubbaṃ acarimaṃ gahaṇūpago hutvā atthādhigamāya hoti. Acinteyyo hi buddhānaṃ buddhānubhāvoti sabbasattānaṃ sakasakabhāsānurūpato sotapathamāgacchatīti veditabbaṃ.

Nidassanatthena – ‘‘nāhaṃ sayambhū, na mayā idaṃ sacchikata’’nti attānaṃ parimocento – ‘‘iti me sutaṃ, mayāpi evaṃ suta’’nti idāni vattabbaṃ sakalaṃ suttaṃ nidasseti.

Avadhāraṇatthena – ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ bahussutānaṃ yadidaṃ ānando, gatimantānaṃ, satimantānaṃ, dhitimantānaṃ, upaṭṭhākānaṃ yadidaṃ ānando’’ti (a. ni. 1.219-223) evaṃ bhagavatā, ‘‘āyasmā ānando atthakusalo dhammakusalo byañjanakusalo niruttikusalo pubbāparakusalo’’ti (a. ni. 5.169) evaṃ dhammasenāpatinā ca pasatthabhāvānurūpaṃ attano dhāraṇabalaṃ dassento sattānaṃ sotukamyataṃ janeti – ‘‘iti me sutaṃ, tañca kho atthato vā byañjanato vā anūnamanadhikaṃ, evameva, na aññathā, daṭṭhabba’’nti. Aññathāti bhagavato sammukhā sutākārato aññathā, na pana bhagavatā desitākārato. Acinteyyānubhāvā hi bhagavato desanā, sā na sabbākārena sakkā viññātunti vuttovāyamattho. Sutākārāvirujjhanameva hi dhāraṇabalaṃ. Na hettha atthantaratāparihāro dvinnampi atthānaṃ ekavisayattā. Itarathā hi thero bhagavato desanāya sabbathā paṭiggahaṇe samattho asamatthoti vā āpajjeyyāti.

Me-saddo tīsu atthesu dissati. Tathā hissa – ‘‘gāthābhigītaṃ me abhojaneyya’’ntiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 1.194; su. ni. 81) mayāti attho. ‘‘Sādhu me, bhante, bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetū’’tiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 4.88; 5.381; a. ni. 4.257) mayhanti attho. ‘‘Dhammadāyādā me, bhikkhave, bhavathā’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.29) mamāti attho. Idha pana ‘‘mayā suta’’nti ca ‘‘mama suta’’nti ca atthadvaye yujjati.

Ettha ca yo paro na hoti, so attāti evaṃ vattabbe niyakajjhattasaṅkhāte sakasantāne vattanato tividhopi me-saddo yadipi ekasmiṃyeva atthe dissati, karaṇasampadānādivisesasaṅkhāto panassa vijjatevāyaṃ atthabhedoti āha – ‘‘me-saddo tīsu atthesu dissatī’’ti.

Sutanti ayaṃ suta-saddo saupasaggo anupasaggo ca gamanavissutakilinnūpacitānuyogasotaviññeyyasotadvārānusāraviññātādianekatthappabhedo. Kiñcāpi hi kiriyāvisesako upasaggo, jotakabhāvato pana satipi tasmiṃ suta-saddo eva taṃ taṃ atthaṃ vadatīti anupasaggassa sutasaddassa atthuddhāre saupasaggopi udāharīyati.

Tattha ‘‘senāya pasuto’’tiādīsu gacchantoti attho. ‘‘Sutadhammassa passato’’tiādīsu (udā. 11) vissutadhammassāti attho. ‘‘Avassutā avassutassā’’tiādīsu (pāci. 657) kilinnā kilinnassāti attho. ‘‘Tumhehi puññaṃ pasutaṃ anappaka’’ntiādīsu (khu. pā. 7.12) upacitanti attho. ‘‘Ye jhānappasutā dhīrā’’tiādīsu (dha. pa. 181) jhānānuyuttāti attho. ‘‘Diṭṭhaṃ sutaṃ muta’’ntiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.241) sotaviññeyyanti attho. ‘‘Sutadharo sutasannicayo’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.339) sotadvārānusāraviññātadharoti attho. Idha panassa ‘‘sotadvārānusārena upadhārita’’nti vā ‘‘upadhāraṇa’’nti vā attho. Me-saddassa hi mayāti atthe sati ‘‘iti me sutaṃ, mayā sotadvārānusārena upadhārita’’nti attho. Mamāti atthe sati ‘‘iti mama sutaṃ sotadvārānusārena upadhāraṇa’’nti attho.

Evametesu tīsu padesu yasmā sutasaddasannidhāne payuttena itisaddena savanakiriyājotakena bhavitabbaṃ. Tasmā itīti sotaviññāṇādiviññāṇakiccanidassanaṃ. Meti vuttaviññāṇasamaṅgipuggalanidassanaṃ. Sabbānipi vākyāni evakāratthasahitāniyeva avadhāraṇaphalattā. Tena sutanti assavanabhāvappaṭikkhepato anūnāviparītaggahaṇanidassanaṃ. Yathā hi sutaṃ sutamevāti vattabbataṃ arahati, taṃ sammā sutaṃ anūnaggahaṇaṃ aviparītaggahaṇañca hotīti. Atha vā saddantaratthāpohanavasena saddo atthaṃ vadatīti, yasmā sutanti etassa asutaṃ na hotīti ayamattho, tasmā sutanti assavanabhāvappaṭikkhepato anūnāviparītaggahaṇanidassanaṃ. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – iti me sutaṃ, na diṭṭhaṃ, na sayambhuñāṇena sacchikataṃ, na aññathā vā upaladdhaṃ, apica sutaṃva, tañca kho sammadevāti. Avadhāraṇatthe vā itisadde ayamatthayojanāti tadapekkhassa suta-saddassa niyamattho sambhavatīti assavanabhāvappaṭikkhepo, anūnāviparītaggahaṇanidassanatā ca veditabbā. Evaṃ savanahetusavanavisesavasena padattayassa atthayojanā katāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.

Tathā itīti sotadvārānusārena pavattāya viññāṇavīthiyā nānatthabyañjanaggahaṇato nānappakārena ārammaṇe pavattibhāvappakāsanaṃ ākārattho itisaddoti katvā. Meti attappakāsanaṃ. Sutanti dhammappakāsanaṃ yathāvuttāya viññāṇavīthiyā pariyattidhammārammaṇattā. Ayañhettha saṅkhepo – nānappakārena ārammaṇe pavattāya viññāṇavīthiyā kāraṇabhūtāya mayā na aññaṃ kataṃ, idaṃ pana kataṃ, ayaṃ dhammo sutoti.

Tathā itīti nidassitabbappakāsanaṃ nidassanattho iti-saddoti katvā nidassetabbassa nidassitabbattābhāvābhāvato. Tasmā itisaddena sakalampi sutaṃ paccāmaṭṭhanti veditabbaṃ. Meti puggalappakāsanaṃ. Sutanti puggalakiccappakāsanaṃ. Suta-saddena hi labbhamānā savanakiriyā savanaviññāṇappabandhappaṭibaddhā, tattha ca puggalavohāro. Na hi puggalavohārarahite dhammappabandhe savanakiriyā labbhati. Tassāyaṃ saṅkhepattho – yaṃ suttaṃ niddisissāmi, taṃ mayā iti sutanti.

Tathā itīti yassa cittasantānassa nānārammaṇappavattiyā nānatthabyañjanaggahaṇaṃ hoti, tassa nānākāraniddeso ākārattho itisaddoti katvā. Itīti hi ayaṃ ākārapaññatti dhammānaṃ taṃ taṃ pavattiākāraṃ upādāya paññāpetabbasabhāvattā. Meti kattuniddeso. Sutanti visayaniddeso. Sotabbo hi dhammo savanakiriyākattupuggalassa savanakiriyāvasena pavattiṭṭhānaṃ hoti. Ettāvatā nānappakārappavattena cittasantānena taṃsamaṅgino kattu visaye gahaṇasanniṭṭhānaṃ dassitaṃ hoti.

Atha vā itīti puggalakiccaniddeso. Sutānañhi dhammānaṃ gahitākārassa nidassanassa avadhāraṇassa vā pakāsanabhāvena itisaddena tadākārādidhāraṇassa puggalavohārūpādānadhammabyāpārabhāvato puggalakiccaṃ nāma niddiṭṭhaṃ hotīti. Sutanti viññāṇakiccaniddeso. Puggalavādinopi hi savanakiriyā viññāṇanirapekkhā na hotīti. Meti ubhayakiccayuttapuggalaniddeso . Meti hi saddappavatti ekanteneva sattavisesavisayā, viññāṇakiccañca tattheva samodahitabbanti. Ayaṃ panettha saṅkhepo – mayā savanakiccaviññāṇasamaṅginā puggalena viññāṇavasena laddhassavanakiccavohārena sutanti.

Tathā itīti ca meti ca saccikaṭṭhaparamatthavasena avijjamānapaññatti. Sabbassa hi saddādhigamanīyassa atthassa paññattimukheneva paṭipajjitabbattā sabbapaññattīnañca vijjamānādīsu chasveva paññattīsu avarodho, tasmā yo māyāmarīciādayo viya abhūtattho, anussavādīhi gahetabbo viya anuttamattho ca na hoti. So rūpasaddādiko ruppanānubhavanādiko ca paramatthasabhāvo saccikaṭṭhaparamatthavasena vijjati. Yo pana itīti ca meti ca vuccamāno ākārādiaparamatthasabhāvo saccikaṭṭhaparamatthavasena anupalabbhamāno avijjamānapaññatti nāma, kimettha taṃ paramatthato atthi, yaṃ itīti vā meti vā niddesaṃ labhetha. Sutanti vijjamānapaññatti. Yañhi taṃ sotena upaladdhaṃ, taṃ paramatthato vijjamānanti.

Tathā itīti sotapathamāgate dhamme upādāya tesaṃ upadhāritākārādīnaṃ paccāmasanavasena. Meti sasantatipariyāpanne khandhe karaṇādivisesavisiṭṭhe upādāya vattabbato upādāpaññatti. Sutanti diṭṭhādīni upanidhāya vattabbato upanidhāpaññatti. Diṭṭhādisabhāvarahite saddāyatane pavattamānopi sutavohāro dutiyaṃ, tatiyanti ādiko viya paṭhamādiṃ nissāya ‘‘yaṃ na diṭṭhamutaviññātanirapekkhaṃ, taṃ suta’’nti viññeyyattā diṭṭhādīni upanidhāya vattabbo hoti. Asutaṃ na hotīti hi sutanti pakāsitoyamatthoti.

Ettha ca itīti vacanena asammohaṃ dīpeti. Paṭividdhā hi atthassa pakāravisesā itīti idha āyasmatā ānandena paccāmaṭṭhā, tenassa asammoho dīpito. Na hi sammūḷho nānappakārappaṭivedhasamattho hoti, lobhappahānādivasena nānappakārā duppaṭividdhā ca suttatthā niddisīyanti . Sutanti vacanena asammosaṃ dīpeti sutākārassa yāthāvato dassiyamānattā yassa hi sutaṃ sammuṭṭhaṃ hoti, na so kālantare mayā sutanti paṭijānāti. Iccassa asammohena sammohābhāvena paññāya eva vā savanakālasambhūtāya taduttarikālapaññāsiddhi, tathā asammosena satisiddhi. Tattha paññāpubbaṅgamāya satiyā byañjanāvadhāraṇasamatthatā. Byañjanānañhi paṭivijjhitabbo ākāro nātigambhīro, yathāsutadhāraṇameva tattha karaṇīyanti satiyā byāpāro adhiko, paññā tattha guṇībhūtā hoti paññāya pubbaṅgamāti katvā. Satipubbaṅgamāya paññāya atthappaṭivedhasamatthatā. Atthassa hi paṭivijjhitabbo ākāro gambhīroti paññāya byāpāro adhiko, sati tattha guṇībhūtā hoti satiyā pubbaṅgamāti katvā. Tadubhayasamatthatāyogena atthabyañjanasampannassa dhammakosassa anupālanasamatthatāya dhammabhaṇḍāgārikattasiddhi.

Aparo nayo – itīti vacanena yonisomanasikāraṃ dīpeti. Tena vuccamānānaṃ ākāranidassanāvadhāraṇatthānaṃ upari vakkhamānānaṃ nānappakārappaṭivedhajotakānaṃ aviparītasaddhammavisayattā. Na hi ayoniso manasikaroto nānappakārappaṭivedho sambhavati. Sutanti vacanena avikkhepaṃ dīpeti, nidānapucchāvasena pakaraṇappattassa vakkhamānassa suttassa savanaṃ na samādhānamantarena sambhavati vikkhittacittassa savanābhāvato. Tathā hi vikkhittacitto puggalo sabbasampattiyā vuccamānopi ‘‘na mayā sutaṃ, puna bhaṇathā’’ti vadati. Yonisomanasikārena cettha attasammāpaṇidhiṃ pubbekatapuññatañca sādheti, sammā appaṇihitattassa pubbe akatapuññassa vā tadabhāvato. Avikkhepena saddhammassavanaṃ sappurisūpanissayañca sādheti, assutavato sappurisūpanissayarahitassa ca tadabhāvato. Na hi vikkhittacitto saddhammaṃ sotuṃ sakkoti, na ca sappurise anupassayamānassa savanaṃ atthi.

Aparo nayo – ‘‘yassa cittasantānassa nānākārappavattiyā nānatthabyañjanaggahaṇaṃ hoti, tassa nānākāraniddeso’’ti vuttaṃ. Yasmā ca so bhagavato vacanassa atthabyañjanappabhedaparicchedavasena sakalasāsanasampatiogāhanena niravasesaparahitapāripūrikāraṇabhūto evaṃbhaddako ākāro na sammā appaṇihitattano pubbe akatapuññassa vā hoti, tasmā itīti iminā bhaddakena ākārena pacchimacakkadvayasampattimattano dīpeti, sutanti savanayogena purimacakkadvayasampattiṃ. Na hi appatirūpe dese vasato sappurisūpanissayarahitassa vā savanaṃ atthi. Iccassa pacchimacakkadvayasiddhiyā āsayasuddhi siddhā hoti, sammā paṇihitatto pubbe ca katapuñño visuddhāsayo hoti, tadavisuddhihetūnaṃ kilesānaṃ dūrībhāvato. Tathā hi vuttaṃ – ‘‘sammā paṇihitaṃ cittaṃ, seyyaso naṃ tato kare’’ti (dha. pa. 43) ‘‘katapuññosi tvaṃ, ānanda, padhānamanuyuñja, khippaṃ hohisi anāsavo’’ti (dī. ni. 2.207) ca. Purimacakkadvayasiddhiyā payogasuddhi. Patirūpadesavāsena hi sappurisūpanissayena ca sādhūnaṃ diṭṭhānugatiāpajjanenapi visuddhappayogo hoti. Tāya ca āsayasuddhiyā adhigamabyattisiddhi, pubbe eva taṇhādiṭṭhisaṃkilesānaṃ visodhitattā payogasuddhiyā āgamabyattisiddhi. Suparisuddhakāyavacīpayogo hi vippaṭisārābhāvato avikkhittacitto pariyattiyaṃ visārado hoti. Iti payogāsayasuddhassa āgamādhigamasampannassa vacanaṃ aruṇuggamanaṃ viya sūriyassa udayato, yonisomanasikāro viya ca kusaladhammassa, arahati bhagavato vacanassa pubbaṅgamaṃ bhavitunti ṭhāne nidānaṃ ṭhapento iti me sutantiādimāha.

Aparo nayo – itīti iminā pubbe vuttanayena nānappakārappaṭivedhadīpakena attano atthapaṭibhānapaṭisambhidāsampattisabbhāvaṃ dīpeti. Sutanti iminā itisaddasannidhānato vakkhamānāpekkhāya vā sotabbabhedappaṭivedhadīpakena dhammaniruttipaṭisambhidāsampattisabbhāvaṃ dīpeti. Itīti ca idaṃ vuttanayeneva yonisomanasikāradīpakaṃ vacanaṃ bhāsamāno ‘‘ete mayā dhammā manasānupekkhitā diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā’’ti dīpeti. Pariyattidhammā hi ‘‘idha sīlaṃ kathitaṃ, idha samādhi, idha paññā, ettakā ettha anusandhiyo’’tiādinā nayena manasā anupekkhitā anussavākāraparivitakkasahitāya dhammanijjhānakkhantibhūtāya ñātapariññāsaṅkhātāya vā diṭṭhiyā tattha tattha vuttarūpārūpadhamme ‘‘iti rūpaṃ, ettakaṃ rūpa’’ntiādinā nayena suṭṭhu vavatthapetvā paṭividdhā attano paresañca hitasukhāvahā hontīti. Suttanti idaṃ savanayogaparidīpakavacanaṃ bhāsamāno ‘‘bahū mayā dhammā sutā dhātā vacasā paricitā’’ti dīpeti. Sotāvadhānappaṭibaddhā hi pariyattidhammassa savanadhāraṇaparicayā. Tadubhayenapi dhammassa svākkhātabhāvena atthabyañjanapāripūriṃ dīpento savane ādaraṃ janeti. Atthabyañjanaparipuṇṇañhi dhammaṃ ādarena assuṇanto mahatā hitā paribāhiro hotīti ādaraṃ janetvā sakkaccaṃ dhammo sotabbo.

Iti me sutanti iminā pana sakalena vacanena āyasmā ānando tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammavinayaṃ attano adahanto asappurisabhūmiṃ atikkamati, sāvakattaṃ paṭijānanto sappurisabhūmiṃ okkamati. Tathā asaddhammā cittaṃ vuṭṭhāpeti, saddhamme cittaṃ patiṭṭhāpeti. ‘‘Kevalaṃ sutamevetaṃ mayā, tasseva pana bhagavato vacana’’nti dīpento attānaṃ parimoceti, satthāraṃ apadisati, jinavacanaṃ appeti, dhammanettiṃ patiṭṭhāpeti.

Apica iti me sutanti attanā uppāditabhāvaṃ appaṭijānanto purimassavanaṃ vivaranto sammukhā paṭiggahitamidaṃ mayā tassa bhagavato catuvesārajjavisāradassa dasabaladharassa āsabhaṭṭhānaṭṭhāyino sīhanādanādino sabbasattuttamassa dhammissarassa dhammarājassa dhammādhipatino dhammadīpassa dhammasaraṇassa saddhammavaracakkavattino sammāsambuddhassa. Na ettha atthe vā dhamme vā pade vā byañjane vā kaṅkhā vā vimati vā kātabbāti sabbadevamanussānaṃ imasmiṃ dhammavinaye assaddhiyaṃ vināseti, saddhāsampadaṃ uppādeti. Tenetaṃ vuccati –

‘‘Vināsayati assaddhaṃ, saddhaṃ vaḍḍheti sāsane;

Iti me sutamiccevaṃ, vadaṃ gotamasāvako’’ti.

Etthāha – ‘‘kasmā panettha yathā aññesu suttesu ‘evaṃ me sutaṃ, ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā’tiādinā kāladese apadisitvāva nidānaṃ bhāsitaṃ, evaṃ na bhāsita’’nti? Apare tāva āhu – na pana therena bhāsitattā. Idañhi nidānaṃ na āyasmatā ānandena paṭhamaṃ bhāsitaṃ khujjuttarāya pana bhagavatā upāsikāsu bahussutabhāvena etadagge ṭhapitāya sekkhappaṭisambhidāppattāya ariyasāvikāya sāmāvatippamukhānaṃ pañcannaṃ itthisatānaṃ paṭhamaṃ bhāsitaṃ.

Tatrāyaṃ anupubbīkathā – ito kira kappasatasahassamatthake padumuttaro nāma sammāsambuddho loke uppajjitvā pavattitavaradhammacakko haṃsavatiyaṃ viharati. Athekadivasaṃ haṃsavatiyaṃ ekā kuladhītā satthu dhammadesanaṃ sotuṃ gacchantīhi upāsikāhi saddhiṃ ārāmaṃ gatā. Satthāraṃ ekaṃ upāsikaṃ bahussutānaṃ etadagge ṭhapentaṃ disvā adhikāraṃ katvā taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthesi. Satthāpi naṃ byākāsi ‘‘anāgate gotamassa nāma sammāsambuddhassa sāvikānaṃ upāsikānaṃ bahussutānaṃ aggā bhavissatī’’ti. Tassā yāvajīvaṃ kusalaṃ katvā devaloke nibbattitvā puna manussesūti evaṃ devamanussesu saṃsarantiyā kappasatasahassaṃ atikkantaṃ. Atha imasmiṃ bhaddakappe amhākaṃ bhagavato kāle sā devalokato cavitvā ghosakaseṭṭhissa gehe dāsiyā kucchismiṃ paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhi, uttarātissā nāmaṃ akaṃsu. Sā jātakāle khujjā ahosīti khujjuttarātveva paññāyittha. Sā aparabhāge ghosakaseṭṭhinā rañño utenassa sāmāvatiyā dinnakāle tassā paricārikabhāvena dinnā rañño utenassa antepure vasati.

Tena ca samayena kosambiyaṃ ghosakaseṭṭhikukkuṭaseṭṭhipāvārikaseṭṭhino bhagavantaṃ uddissa tayo vihāre kāretvā janapadacārikaṃ carante tathāgate kosambinagaraṃ sampatte buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa vihāre niyyādetvā mahādānāni pavattesuṃ, māsamattaṃ atikkami. Atha nesaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘buddhā nāma sabbalokānukampakā, aññesampi okāsaṃ dassāmā’’ti kosambinagaravāsinopi janassa okāsaṃ akaṃsu. Tato paṭṭhāya nāgarā vīthisabhāgena gaṇasabhāgena mahādānaṃ denti. Athekadivasaṃ satthā bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto mālākārajeṭṭhakassa gehe nisīdi. Tasmiṃ khaṇe khujjuttarā sāmāvatiyā pupphāni gahetuṃ aṭṭha kahāpaṇe ādāya taṃ gehaṃ agamāsi. Mālākārajeṭṭhako taṃ disvā ‘‘amma uttare, ajja tuyhaṃ pupphāni dātuṃ khaṇo natthi, ahaṃ buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ parivisāmi, tvampi parivesanāya sahāyikā hohi, evaṃ ito paresaṃ veyyāvaccakaraṇato muccissasī’’ti āha. Tato khujjuttarā buddhānaṃ bhattagge veyyāvaccaṃ akāsi. Sā satthārā upanisinnakathāvasena kathitaṃ sabbameva dhammaṃ uggaṇhi, anumodanaṃ pana sutvā sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāsi.

Sā aññesu divasesu cattārova kahāpaṇe datvā pupphāni gahetvā gacchati, tasmiṃ pana divase diṭṭhasaccabhāvena parasantake cittaṃ anuppādetvā aṭṭhapi kahāpaṇe datvā pacchiṃ pūretvā pupphāni gahetvā sāmāvatiyā santikaṃ agamāsi. Atha naṃ sā pucchi ‘‘amma uttare, tvaṃ aññesu divasesu na bahūni pupphāni āharasi, ajja pana bahukāni, kiṃ no rājā uttaritaraṃ pasanno’’ti? Sā musā vattuṃ abhabbatāya atīte attanā kataṃ anigūhitvā sabbaṃ kathesi. Atha ‘‘kasmā ajja bahūni āharasī’’ti ca vuttā ‘‘ajjāhaṃ sammāsambuddhassa dhammaṃ sutvā amataṃ sacchākāsiṃ, tasmā tumhe na vañcemī’’ti āha. Taṃ sutvā ‘‘are duṭṭhadāsi, ettakaṃ kālaṃ tayā gahite kahāpaṇe dehī’’ti atajjetvā pubbahetunā codiyamānā ‘‘amma, tayā pītaṃ amataṃ, amhepi pāyehī’’ti vatvā ‘‘tena hi maṃ nhāpehī’’ti vutte soḷasahi gandhodakaghaṭehi nhāpetvā dve maṭṭhasāṭake dāpesi. Sā ekaṃ nivāsetvā ekaṃ pārupitvā āsanaṃ paññāpetvā āsane nisīditvā vicitrabījaniṃ ādāya nīcāsanesu nisinnāni pañca mātugāmasatāni āmantetvā sekhappaṭisambhidāsu ṭhatvā satthārā desitaniyāmeneva tāsaṃ dhammaṃ desesi. Desanāvasāne tā sabbā sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhahiṃsu. Tā sabbāpi khujjuttaraṃ vanditvā ‘‘amma, ajja paṭṭhāya tvaṃ kiliṭṭhakammaṃ mā kari, amhākaṃ mātuṭṭhāne ācariyaṭṭhāne ca patiṭṭhāhī’’ti garuṭṭhāne ṭhapayiṃsu.

Kasmā panesā dāsī hutvā nibbattāti? Sā kira kassapasammāsambuddhakāle bārāṇasiyaṃ seṭṭhidhītā hutvā nibbattā. Ekāya khīṇāsavattheriyā upaṭṭhākakulaṃ gatāya ‘‘etaṃ me ayye, pasādhanapeḷikaṃ dethā’’ti veyyāvaccaṃ kāresi. Therīpi ‘‘adentiyā mayi āghātaṃ uppādetvā niraye nibbattissati, dentiyā paresaṃ dāsī hutvā nibbattissati, nirayasantāpato dāsibhāvo seyyo’’ti anuddayaṃ paṭicca tassā vacanaṃ akāsi. Sā tena kammena pañca jātisatāni paresaṃ dāsīyeva hutvā nibbatti.

Kasmā pana khujjā ahosi? Anuppanne kira buddhe ayaṃ bārāṇasirañño gehe vasantī ekaṃ rājakulūpakaṃ paccekabuddhaṃ thokaṃ khujjadhātukaṃ disvā attanā sahavāsīnaṃ mātugāmānaṃ purato parihāsaṃ karontī yathāvajjaṃ keḷivasena khujjākāraṃ dassesi, tasmā khujjā hutvā nibbatti.

Kiṃ pana katvā paññavantī jātāti? Anuppanne kira buddhe ayaṃ bārāṇasirañño gehe vasantī aṭṭha paccekabuddhe rājagehato uṇhapāyāsassa pūrite patte parivattitvā parivattitvā gaṇhante disvā attano santakāni aṭṭha dantavalayāni ‘‘idha ṭhapetvā gaṇhathā’’ti adāsi. Te tathā katvā olokesuṃ. ‘‘Tumhākaññeva tāni pariccattāni, gahetvā gacchathā’’ti āha. Te nandamūlakapabbhāraṃ agamaṃsu. Ajjāpi tāni valayāni arogāneva. Sā tassa nissandena paññavantī jātā.

Atha naṃ sāmāvatippamukhāni pañca itthisatāni ‘‘amma, tvaṃ divase divase satthu santikaṃ gantvā bhagavatā desitaṃ dhammaṃ sutvā amhākaṃ desehī’’ti vadiṃsu. Sā tathā karontī aparabhāge tipiṭakadharā jātā. Tasmā naṃ satthā – ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvikānaṃ bahussutānaṃ upāsikānaṃ yadidaṃ khujjuttarā’’ti etadagge ṭhapesi. Iti upāsikāsu bahussutabhāvena satthārā etadagge ṭhapitā paṭisambhidāppattā khujjuttarā ariyasāvikā satthari kosambiyaṃ viharante kālena kālaṃ satthu santikaṃ gantvā dhammaṃ sutvā antepuraṃ gantvā sāmāvatippamukhānaṃ pañcannaṃ itthisatānaṃ ariyasāvikānaṃ satthārā desitaniyāmena yathāsutaṃ dhammaṃ kathentī attānaṃ parimocetvā satthu santike sutabhāvaṃ pakāsentī ‘‘vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā vuttamarahatāti me suta’’nti nidānaṃ āropesi.

Yasmā pana tasmiṃyeva nagare bhagavato sammukhā sutvā tadaheva tāya tāsaṃ bhāsitaṃ, tasmā ‘‘ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kosambiyaṃ viharatī’’ti kāladesaṃ apadisituṃ payojanasambhavova natthi supākaṭabhāvato. Bhikkhuniyo cassā santike imāni suttāni gaṇhiṃsu. Evaṃ paramparāya bhikkhūsupi tāya āropitaṃ nidānaṃ pākaṭaṃ ahosi. Atha āyasmā ānando tathāgatassa parinibbānato aparabhāge sattapaṇṇiguhāyaṃ ajātasattunā kārāpite saddhammamaṇḍape mahākassapappamukhassa vasīgaṇassa majjhe nisīditvā dhammaṃ saṅgāyanto imesaṃ suttānaṃ nidānassa dveḷhakaṃ pariharanto tāya āropitaniyāmeneva nidānaṃ āropesīti.

Keci panettha bahuppakāre papañcenti. Kiṃ tehi? Apica nānānayehi saṅgītikārā dhammavinayaṃ saṅgāyiṃsu. Anubuddhā hi dhammasaṅgāhakamahātherā, te sammadeva dhammavinayassa saṅgāyanākāraṃ jānantā katthaci ‘‘evaṃ me suta’’ntiādinā, katthaci ‘‘tena samayenā’’tiādinā, katthaci gāthābandhavasena nidānaṃ ṭhapentā, katthaci sabbena sabbaṃ nidānaṃ aṭṭhapentā vaggasaṅgahādivasena dhammavinayaṃ saṅgāyiṃsu. Tattha idha vuttañhetantiādinā nidānaṃ ṭhapetvā saṅgāyiṃsu, kiñci suttageyyādivasena navaṅgamidaṃ buddhavacanaṃ. Yathā cetaṃ, evaṃ sabbesampi sammāsambuddhānaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘appakañca nesaṃ ahosi suttaṃ geyya’’ntiādi. Tattha itivuttakaṅgassa aññaṃ kiñci na paññāyati tabbhāvanimittaṃ ṭhapetvā ‘‘vuttañhetaṃ…pe… me suta’’nti idaṃ vacanaṃ. Tenāhu aṭṭhakathācariyā ‘‘vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatāti ādinayappavattā dvādasuttarasatasuttantā itivuttaka’’nti. Tasmā satthu adhippāyaṃ jānantehi dhammasaṅgāhakehi ariyasāvikāya vā imesaṃ suttānaṃ itivuttakaṅgabhāvañāpanatthaṃ imināva nayena nidānaṃ ṭhapitanti veditabbaṃ.

Kimatthaṃ pana dhammavinayasaṅgahe kayiramāne nidānavacanaṃ? Nanu bhagavatā bhāsitavacanasseva saṅgaho kātabboti? Vuccate – desanāya ṭhitiasammosasaddheyyabhāvasampādanatthaṃ. Kāladesadesakaparisāpadesehi upanibandhitvā ṭhapitā hi desanā ciraṭṭhitikā hoti asammosadhammā saddheyyā ca desakālakattuhetunimittehi upanibaddho viya vohāravinicchayo. Teneva ca āyasmatā mahākassapena brahmajālamūlapariyāyasuttādīnaṃ desādipucchāsu katāsu tāsaṃ vissajjanaṃ karontena dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena ‘‘evaṃ me suta’’ntiādinā nidānaṃ bhāsitaṃ. Idha pana desakālassa aggahaṇe kāraṇaṃ vuttameva.

Apica satthu sampattippakāsanatthaṃ nidānavacanaṃ. Tathāgatassa hi bhagavato pubbaracanānumānāgamatakkābhāvato sammāsambuddhabhāvasiddhi. Na hi sammāsambuddhassa pubbaracanādīhi attho atthi sabbattha appaṭihatañāṇācāratāya ekappamāṇattā ca ñeyyadhammesu. Tathā ācariyamuṭṭhidhammamacchariyasāsanasāvakānurāgābhāvato khīṇāsavabhāvasiddhi. Na hi sabbaso khīṇāsavassa te sambhavantīti suvisuddhassa parānuggahapavatti. Evaṃ desakasaṃkilesabhūtānaṃ diṭṭhisīlasampadādūsakānaṃ avijjātaṇhānaṃ accantābhāvasaṃsūcakehi ñāṇasampadāpahānasampadābhibyañjakehi ca sambuddhavisuddhabhāvehi purimavesārajjadvayasiddhi, tato ca antarāyikaniyyānikadhammesu asammohabhāvasiddhito pacchimavesārajjadvayasiddhīti bhagavato catuvesārajjasamannāgamo attahitaparahitapaṭipatti ca nidānavacanena pakāsitā hoti, tattha tattha sampattaparisāya ajjhāsayānurūpaṃ ṭhānuppattikappaṭibhānena dhammadesanādīpanato. Idha pana anavasesato kāmadosappahānaṃ vidhāya desanādīpanato cāti yojetabbaṃ. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘satthu sampattippakāsanatthaṃ nidānavacana’’nti. Ettha ca ‘‘bhagavatā arahatā’’ti imehi padehi yathāvuttaatthavibhāvanatā heṭṭhā dassitā eva.

Tathā sāsanasampattippakāsanatthaṃ nidānavacanaṃ. Ñāṇakaruṇāpariggahitasabbakiriyassa hi bhagavato natthi niratthakā paṭipatti attahitā vā. Tasmā paresaṃyevatthāya pavattasabbakiriyassa sammāsambuddhassa sakalampi kāyavacīmanokammaṃ yathāpavattaṃ vuccamānaṃ diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikaparamatthehi yathārahaṃ sattānaṃ anusāsanatthena sāsanaṃ, na kabbaracanā. Tayidaṃ satthu caritaṃ kāladesadesakaparisāpadesehi tattha tattha nidānavacanehi yathārahaṃ pakāsiyati. Idha pana desakaparisāpadesehīti yojetabbaṃ. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘sāsanasampattippakāsanatthaṃ nidānavacana’’nti.

Apica satthuno pamāṇabhāvappakāsanena sāsanassa pamāṇabhāvadassanatthaṃ nidānavacanaṃ. Tañcassa pamāṇabhāvadassanaṃ heṭṭhā vuttanayānusārena ‘‘bhagavatā arahatā’’ti imehi padehi vibhāvitanti veditabbaṃ. Idamettha nidānavacanappayojanassa mukhamattanidassananti.

Nidānavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

 

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